Drugs online research references
J Appl Toxicol. 1997 Jan-Feb;17(1):47-51.
Method for determining whether the number of hepatocytes in rat liver is increased after treatment with the peroxisome proliferator gemfibrozil.
Carthew P, Maronpot RR, Foley JF, Edwards RE, Nolan BM.
MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, UK.
A histological method has been developed for determining the absolute numbers of rodent hepatocytes after treatment with the hypolipodemic drug gemfibrozil. It can be applied to distinguish between the enlargement of the liver that commonly occurs in rodents after treatment with chemicals, due to changes in the size of cells (hypertrophy), rather than an increase in the number of cells caused by cell division (hyperplasia). In the case of gemfibrozil the liver enlargement was found to be partly due to hypertrophy and partly to hyperplasia. The induction of hyperplasia can be associated with an increased risk of eventual liver tumour formation, and the distinction of hypertrophy from hyperplasia using a purely histological method, for the determination of increases in hepatocyte cell numbers, will be useful in the assessment of compounds which cause liver enlargement that could precede neoplasia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9048227&dopt=Abstract
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1992 Jan;21(1):34-7.
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of simvastatin and gemfibrozil in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.
Lim MC, Foo WM.
Cardiac Department, National University Hospital, Singapore.
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of simvastatin with gemfibrozil in regulating the serum lipid profiles in the local population. In this study, we reviewed the effect of medication on 75 patients with hypercholesterolaemia with or without hypertriglyceridaemia; 26 patients were on simvastatin 10 mg nightly, 24 patients were on gemfibrozil 300 mg twice daily and 25 patients were on gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily. The average follow-up period was 10.8 weeks, 19.0 weeks and 16.2 weeks for simvastatin 10 mg, gemfibrozil 300 mg and gemfibrozil 600 mg groups respectively. Prior to drug therapy, patients were put on dietary control. The pre-treatment and post-treatment serum lipid profiles were monitored. The mean changes in the lipid profiles of the patients on gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily were a 21.6% reduction in total cholesterol, a 21.8% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a 46.3% reduction in serum triglyceride and an 11.2% increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The patients in all three groups had raised HDL-C and lowered triglyceride levels post-treatment but patients on gemfibrozil had a greater increase in HDL-C and a greater decrease in triglycerides as compared to the simvastatin group. In comparison to gemfibrozil, simvastatin was more efficacious in the reduction of LDL-C. The mean reduction in the LDL-C was 21.8% for gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily group as compared to 28.0% for simvastatin 10 mg nightly group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1590653&dopt=Abstract
Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Mar;117(6):1155-62.
Decreased susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation of rat-lipoproteins after fibrate treatment: influence of fatty acid composition.
Vazquez M, Merlos M, Adzet T, Laguna JC.
Dept. Farmacologia y Quimica Terapeutica, Universitario de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain.
1. The effect of clofibrate (CFB), bezafibrate (BFB), and gemfibrozil (GFB) on plasma lipoprotein (VLDL and LDL) concentration, composition and resistance to copper-induced oxidation has been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats after a 15 day treatment. 2. Plasma triglyceride levels were reduced by CFB (41%) and BFB (39%). This effect was related to a significant reduction (67% for CFB and 56% for BFB) in the amount of circulating VLDL-protein. 3. Plasma total cholesterol was reduced by 28% and 45% in CFB- and BFB-treated animals, respectively, mainly by modification of the cholesteryl ester fraction. In contrast, GFB significantly increased total cholesterol (27%). No modification in the LDL protein or lipid content was introduced by fibrates, although GFB decreased the proportion of LDL-triglycerides, at the expense of an increase in total cholesterol. 4. The fatty acid species carried by VLDL and LDL were affected after fibrate treatment. In general, both particles showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (18:1) and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) species (18:2 n-6, 20:4 n-6, 18:3 n-3, 20:5 n-3). As a consequence, the ratio of PUFA/(SFA+MUFA) for the whole lipoproteins was markedly reduced. 5. The degree of copper-induced VLDL- and LDL-oxidation was assessed by means of the analysis of lysine content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production and conjugated dienes formation. Lipoproteins obtained from fibrate-treated rats were more resistant to the oxidative challenge. For each lipoprotein, BFB was the most effective drug, followed by CFB and GFB. 6. The observed antioxidant effect can be ascribed to two independent phenomena produced by fibrates: the reduction of the amount of substrate for the oxidation process due to their hypolipidemic activity, and the alteration in the type of fatty acids transported by the lipoproteins towards an enrichment in species resistant to the oxidation process. 7. As similar lipoprotein fatty acid changes have been reported after fibrate treatment in human subjects, an antioxidant effect of fibrates in human therapy, independent of their well known hypolipidaemic activity, should be expected.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8882610&dopt=Abstract
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