Drugs online research references
Circulation. 1992 Jan;85(1):37-45.
Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment.
Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, Huttunen JK, Manttari M, Heinonen OP, Frick MH.
First Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
BACKGROUND. We studied the joint effect of baseline triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol levels on the incidence of cardiac end points in the trial group (n = 4,081) of the Helsinki Heart Study, a 5-year randomized coronary primary prevention trial among dyslipidemic middle-aged men. The relative risks (RR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with a dummy variable technique that allows simultaneous study of subgroup combinations from the placebo and treatment groups. METHODS AND RESULTS. In the placebo group (n = 2,045), the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was the best single predictor of cardiac events. This ratio in combination with the serum triglyceride level revealed a high-risk subgroup: subjects with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5 and triglycerides greater than 2.3 mmol/l had a RR of 3.8 (95% CI, 2.2-6.6) compared with those with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio less than or equal to 5 and triglyceride concentration less than or equal to 2.3 mmol/l. In subjects with triglyceride concentration greater than 2.3 mmol/l and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio less than or equal to 5, RR was close to unity (1.1), whereas in those with triglyceride level less than or equal to 2.3 mmol/l and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5, RR was 1.2. The high-risk group with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5 and triglyceride level greater than 2.3 mmol/l profited most from treatment with gemfibrozil, with a 71% lower incidence of coronary heart disease events than the corresponding placebo subgroup. In all other subgroups, the reduction in CHD incidence was substantially smaller. CONCLUSIONS. Serum triglyceride concentration has prognostic value, both for assessing coronary heart disease risk and in predicting the effect of gemfibrozil treatment, especially when used in combination with HDL-C and LDL-C.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1728471&dopt=Abstract
Indian J Exp Biol. 1996 Oct;34(10):987-90.
Changes in serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone levels and egg production in hypocholesterolemia induced Japanese quails Coturnix coturnix japanica.
Shambharkar AV, Varshney VP, Agarwal N, Agarwal SK, Sanwal PC, Pande JK.
Nuclear Research Laboratory (Endocrinology), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Mature healthy female Japanese quails injected (i.p.) with gemfibrozil at two dose levels for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks induced hypocholesterolemia as observed by the serum cholesterol concentration which was more severe with the higher dose. Liver and ovarian cholesterol contents decreased in 3rd and 4th week of the treatment. Significant (P > 0.05) increase in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) level were observed between 3rd and 4th week while serum estradiol-17 beta and progesterone levels declined continuously from Ist week till the termination of the treatment. The quantity and quality of the eggs produced by the treated quails were inferior. These results indicate that induction of hypocholesterolemia impaired the reproductive efficiency of quails.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9055651&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Aug;270(2):809-13.
Effects of gemfibrozil on triglyceride metabolism in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Donnelly R, Plato PA, Chang H, Reaven GM.
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Hypertriglyceridemia is a common feature of patients with increased blood pressure as well as several rodent models of hypertension. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of gemfibrozil on established abnormalities of triglyceride (TG) secretion and TG clearance in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Consequently, Dahl salt-sensitive rats received 12 days treatment with gemfibrozil (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by p.o. gavage and the following measurements were made: 1) fasting plasma TG levels; 2) TG secretion rate after suppression of TG removal with Triton WR 1339; 3) TG removal rate (half-time of disappearance of prelabeled very low density lipoprotein); and 4) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mRNA in soleus muscle, fat and liver tissues. Gemfibrozil produced a 50% reduction in fasting plasma TG concentrations, with no effect on TG secretion rate (17 +/- 2 vs. 15 +/- 1 mg/100 g b.wt./hr). The half-time of prelabeled very low density lipoprotein-TG removal was significantly lower in drug-treated animals (3.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.9 min), and this was associated with a tissue-specific increase in LPL activity in soleus muscle (153 +/- 5 vs. 135 +/- 5 U/g, P < .02). Expression of LPL mRNA, relative to beta-actin mRNA, was similar in both groups of rats. Thus, in this rodent model of hypertension and dyslipidemia, gemfibrozil lowers plasma TG levels by 50% with no effect on TG secretion; the hypotriglyceridemic effect is due mainly to an increase in TG removal rate associated with a post-transcriptional increase in LPL activity in skeletal muscle.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8071873&dopt=Abstract
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