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Metabolism. 1995 Mar;44(3):398-403.
Serum retinol levels throughout 2 years of cholesterol-lowering therapy.

Muggeo M, Zenti MG, Travia D, Sartori A, Trimeloni S, Grigolini L, Graziani MS, Cigolini M.

Cattedra di Malattie del Ricambio, Istituto di Chimica Clinica, Universita di Verona, Italy.

Some studies have reported an inverse correlation between serum cholesterol level and risk of cancer. This correlation might be due to a decrease in serum retinol, a lipid-soluble vitamin that controls cell proliferation and differentiation. We evaluated the influence of cholesterol-lowering therapy on serum retinol in 102 subjects (mean +/- SE: aged 47.1 +/- 4.1 years; body mass index, 23.8 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) with primary hypercholesterolemia treated for 2 years with different therapeutic protocols. Twenty-two subjects had been treated with diet alone, 35 with diet and fibrates, 37 with diet and hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins), and eight with diet and cholestyramine. Postabsorptive serum retinol, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were determined at baseline and every 3 months. Baseline TC and LDL-C were significantly lower in the diet-treated group than in other groups. No intergroup differences were found in pretreatment levels of triglycerides and serum retinol. After 2 years of treatment, TC and LDL-C serum levels were not significantly decreased in the diet-alone group, whereas they were decreased by 20% and 24%, respectively, in the gemfibrozil group, 28% and 34% in the statins group; and 21% and 27% in the cholestyramine group. In the entire population (N = 102), serum retinol was 3.46 +/- 0.08 mumol/L before therapy and 3.76 +/- 0.07 after 2 years of therapy (P < .001). Serum retinol increased in diet- and statin-treated groups, but not in fibrate- and resin-treated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7885288&dopt=Abstract




Artery. 1992;19(6):353-66.
The efficacy of gemfibrozil therapy for raising high density lipoprotein levels.

Weis S, Kudchodkar BJ, Clearfield MB, Lacko AG.

Department of Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine/University of North Texas, Fort Worth.

Thirty subjects, 5 normotriglyceridemic (NTG) with low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C < 35 mg/dl) and 25 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) with low and high HDL-C (HDL-C > 35 mg/dl) were selected fo this study. They were treated with gemfibrozil (600 mg BID) for 12 weeks. In both groups, gemfibrozil significantly reduced serum TG levels (p < 0.005), yet HDL-C increased significantly only in HTG patients (p < 0.005). The changes in HDL-C levels were highly variable (-40 to 50%) and appeared to be dependent on the levels of serum TG achieved during treatment. Based on post-treatment serum TG, the HTG patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 with serum TG of < 100 mg/dL and Group 2 with serum TG levels > 100 mg/dl. Significant post treatment increases in HDL-C were seen only in Group 1 (p < 0.005). The two groups had similar pretreatment serum TG and HDL-C levels but the LDL-C was significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.025). Pretreatment serum LDL-C also correlated positively with the increases in HDL-C during treatment (r = 0.51, p < 0.01, n = 25). Consequently, the patients were divided into three groups based on their initial serum LDL-C levels (Group 1: LDL-C < 130 mg/dl. Group 2: LDL-C, 130-159 mg/dl and Group 3: LDL-C > 160 mg/dl). The HDL-C levels increased significantly upon treatment only in Group 3. Pretreatment levels of serum TG and HDL-C were not significantly different among the three groups. Initial body weight (r = -0.43 p < 0.025, n = 30) and percent change in body weight during treatment (r = -0.47, p < 0.025, n = 30) correlated negatively with the percent reduction in serum TG. The change in body weight also showed significant negative correlation with the changes in HDL cholesterol (r = -0.48, p < 0.25, n = 30). We conclude that gemfibrozil is most effective in reducing serum triglycerides, LDL-C and increasing serum HDL-cholesterol in HTG patients who also have comparatively high initial LDL cholesterol levels (Fredrickson's type IIb phenotype). For effective improvement of HDL-cholesterol in most HTG patients, serum TG levels need to be lowered below 100 mg/dl. Furthermore, the benefit of gemfibrozil therapy may be significantly enhanced by weight loss during treatment.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1471924&dopt=Abstract




J Assoc Physicians India. 1990 Nov;38(11):860-2.
Gemfibrozil in familial and type V hyperlipidaemias. Report of 3 cases.

Varthakavi P, Turakhia DP, Sharma S, Salgaonkar DS, Nihalani KD, Joshi VR.

Department of Medicine, TNM College, Bombay.

Gemfibrozil, a lipid lowering agent, was administered to two patients with familial hyperlipidaemia and one patient with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. It was partially effective in familial hyperlipidaemia. It dramatically reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the patient with Type V hyperlipidaemia and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients with familial and Type V hyperlipidaemias should be given a trial of gemfibrozil therapy.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2079473&dopt=Abstract












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