Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1990 May;258(5 Pt 1):C933-43.
Binding of bumetanide to microsomes from optic ganglia of the squid, Loligo pealei.
Altamirano AA, Watts BA 3rd, Russell JM.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Saturable high-affinity binding of [3H] bumetanide [dissociation constant (KD) = 80 nM] was measured in microsomal membranes prepared from squid optic ganglia. Under control conditions, the maximal specific binding of labeled bumetanide (Bmax) was approximately 6-7 pmol/mg protein. Binding had a higher relative affinity for bumetanide than for furosemide and depended on the presence of Cl- and K+, but not Na+, in the incubation media. In the case of K+, [3H]bumetanide binding was half-saturated at [K+] = 100 mM. The Cl- effect was biphasic. At [Cl-] between 0 and 150 mM, [3H]bumetanide binding increased with increasing [Cl-]. However, when [Cl-] was increased above 150 mM, [3H]bumetanide binding was progressively reduced. ATP acted as a nonessential activator [mean affinity constant (K0.5) approximately 1 microM] of the ion-dependent [3H]bumetanide binding by increasing the apparent binding capacity. The activation by ATP did not require Mg2+. Other adenosine analogues also stimulated the binding of bumetanide.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2333985&dopt=Abstract
Neurourol Urodyn. 1995;14(2):169-76.
Effects of diuresis on micturition.
Levin RM, Wein AJ, Eika B, Tammela TL, Longhurst PA.
Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Micturition can be characterized experimentally by monitoring both the frequency and volume of micturition. Previous studies demonstrated that the functional capacity of the rat and rabbit bladder, as determined by cystometry, is approximately equal to the maximal single micturition volume as recorded over a 24 hour period. Studies in many laboratories have demonstrated that chronic increases in diuresis induce increases in micturition frequency and capacity, and an increase in bladder mass. The current study compares the temporal relationship among these parameters in three models of diuresis: streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, sucrose-induced diuresis in rats, and furosemide-induced diuresis in rabbits. In both sucrose diuresis in rats and furosemide diuresis in rabbits there were immediate increases in both the frequency and volume of micturition. The magnitude of the increases in micturition frequency and micturition volume paralleled the increase in the total volume of urine excreted. Bladder mass increased progressively over the time course of the study. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in a more gradual (but parallel) increase in micturition frequency and volume, and again a more gradual increase in bladder mass. These studies demonstrate that functional bladder capacity is increased immediately upon the initiation of diuresis with sucrose or furosemide, as is the frequency of micturition. This indicates that functional bladder capacity is probably under neuronal regulation and the change in capacity is not a function of the increased bladder mass which occurs at a later time period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7780442&dopt=Abstract
Clin Chim Acta. 1991 Jun 14;199(2):195-204.
Response of urinary angiotensin to challenges of the renin-angiotensin system.
Boer P, Vos PF, Koomans HA, Rabelink AJ, Beutler JJ, Dorhout Mees EJ.
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Angiotensin has an intrarenal action which may not parallel its action in the general circulation. We investigated whether the urinary excretion rates of angiotensin I and II (UV-AI, UV-AII) can be used as a marker of renal production. We therefore measured UV-AI, UV-AII, plasma angiotensin I and II (PAI, PAII), and plasma renin activity (PRA) in healthy subjects under conditions influencing the renin-angiotensin system: captopril injection (n = 7), enalapril treatment (n = 9), furosemide infusion on high and low sodium intake (n = 6), indomethacin treatment (n = 8), and head-out water immersion (three sodium intakes). After captopril (acute) and enalapril (chronic), PAI and PRA increased, PAII decreased, but neither UV-AI nor UV-AII changed. During furosemide infusion, PAI, PAII, PRA, as well as UV-AI and UV-AII increased. During indomethacin treatment, PAI, PAII, and PRA decreased, whereas UV-AI and UV-AII did not change consistently. Sodium restriction increased PAI, PAII, and PRA, but did not alter UV-AI and UV-AII. Head-out immersion decreased PAI, PAII, and PRA, but did not change UV-AI and UV-AII. The relative constancy of the urinary AI and AII excretion rates makes it doubtful whether urinary angiotensins reflect changes of renal angiotensin production.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1873917&dopt=Abstract
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