Drugs online research references
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis. 1983;7(1-2):77-99.
Renal functional and metabolic studies on the role of preventive measures in experimental acute ischemic renal failure.
Kramer HJ, Neumark A, Schmidt S, Klingmuller D, Glanzer K.
In the present study 1 h of total occlusion of the left renal artery in conscious rats was chosen as experimental model of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), while the contralateral kidney was left intact. Chronic high dietary sodium intake, acute isotonic saline infusion, or administration of saralasin did not protect from ARF. Furosemide, mannitol, and verapamil converted oliguric into non-oliguric ARF in 100%, 75%, and 60% of the animals, resp. Protection from oliguria and preservation of GFR inversely correlated with the depression of cortical ATP-concentration (control: 1.32 +/- 0.07 mumoles/g wet weight) 6 h after ischemia by 16%, 41%, and 58% in mannitol- and verapamil- treated rats and in untreated rats, resp. At this time, Na-K-ATPase enzyme activities in renal cortex and papilla were unaffected, while enzyme activity in outer medulla was suppressed from 15.4 +/- 1.4 to 9.4 +/- 1.0 mumoles Pi/mg protein h in all groups of animals. The results suggest that in this model of ARF renal ischemia not only affects cellular energy supply in renal cortex but also causes severe structural and functional impairment in the outer medulla, probably leading to tubular obstruction and depression of glomerular function. Pharmacological protection from ischemic oliguric ARF cannot be achieved by prior induction of high urine flow rates alone but depends on the degree of metabolic and functional reserve of the injured tubular epithelium.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6411400&dopt=Abstract
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1986 Sep;134(9):650-7.
[Disorders of bone metabolism in premature infants]
[Article in German]
Manzke H, Schroder H.
Extremely low birth weight infants are particularly prone to rickets (osteopenia) due to their rapid growth and to deficient intake of calcium and phosphate. In some premature infants suffering from phosphate depletion hypercalcemia syndrome may precede bone demineralisation. Additionally, the adverse effects of calciprivic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital, glucocorticoids, furosemide, heparin) contributing to the development of neonatal rickets are discussed. Phosphorus depleted or heparin treated experimental animals develop impairment of mineralisation as manifested by rickets or osteomalacia. Some clinical cases of neonatal rickets are reported and a dosage schedule for parenteral infusion of minerals is given.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3097522&dopt=Abstract
NMR Biomed. 1990 Aug;3(4):173-7.
Renal distribution and metabolism of [2H9]choline. A 2H NMR and MRI study.
Eng J, Berkowitz BA, Balaban RS.
Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Trimethylamines are required as substrates in the biosynthesis of a number of important molecules in the cell. Herein, we describe the use of choline, deuterated in its 9 methyl positions, as an NMR label for following the distribution and metabolism of methyl groups after intravenous choline infusion. Deuterium (2H) NMR spectroscopy of the rabbit kidney in vivo revealed a linear uptake of infused choline that was directly proportional to the rate of infusion. The sensitivity limit for the spectroscopic studies in vivo was in the order of 100 microM for a 2 min data collection. After the infusion, 2H NMR imaging of the kidney in vivo demonstrated high trimethylamine concentrations in both the cortex and inner medulla but not in the outer medulla. The inner medullary fraction, however, was more labile to diuresis induced by furosemide. Companion high resolution 2H NMR studies of extracts revealed a cortex betaine/choline concentration ratio of 0.69 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SEM, n = 3) before furosemide administration. Following furosemide infusion, the cortex betaine/choline concentration ratio was 3 +/- 1 (n = 6). Thus, 2H renal images following furosemide treatment can be interpreted as metabolic maps of betaine distribution. In addition, extraction studies revealed high concentrations of labelled choline and betaine in the liver. These data demonstrate that 2H-labelled choline is an effective marker of choline methyl metabolism in vivo and should provide a unique tool for the investigation of this important substrate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2206849&dopt=Abstract
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