Drugs online research references
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1978 Dec;22(3):605-8.
Effect of furosemide on mesenteric blood flow in the dog.
Gaffney GR, Day DK, Williamson HE.
Diuretic therapy has been implicated as a possible inciting factor in nonocclusive mesenteric infarction. In view of this possibility, the effect of furosemide on superior mesenteric arterial blood flow (MBF) was investigated using electromagnetic flow probes in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. After administration of furosemide, 1 mg/kg iv, MBF decreased by 44%. To assess the role of extracellular volume depletion induced by the diuresis in reducing MBF, volume depletion was prevented by infusing isotonic saline at a rate matching urine flow. In these experiments, MBF was not decreased by furosemide. Thus furosemide induces a marked decrease in mesenteric blood flow and this hemodynamic action involves a mechanism that is dependent upon the volume depletion induced by the drug.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=734239&dopt=Abstract
Am J Kidney Dis. 1987 Jul;10(1 Suppl 1):74-80.
Renal effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in cardiac failure.
Dzau VJ.
Compensatory mechanisms such as systemic vasoconstriction and sodium retention are activated to various degrees in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates many of these compensatory responses. Increased angiotensin can result in net vasoconstriction and increase afterload. In addition, it contributes to the avid sodium retention that occurs in patients with CHF. The RAS promotes sodium retention by enhancing proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and water through changes in intrarenal hemodynamics. In addition, the direct renal tubular influence of angiotensin II and aldosterone contribute to sodium retention. In experimental heart failure in the rat, angiotensin activation leads to reduction in effective plasma flow whereas the glomerular filtration rate was unchanged. In clinical CHF, activation of the RAS may also contribute to azotemia in patients with CHF. Significant correlations between serum creatinine levels and plasma renin activity have been observed. Furthermore, renal plasma flow and the glomerular filtration rate frequently improve after therapy with converting-enzyme inhibitors (CEIs). Occasionally, however, CEIs may produce an excessive fall in systemic BP and, hence, renal perfusion pressure, which may overcome autoregulatory mechanisms and contribute to a deterioration in renal function. CEIs enhance the effectiveness of furosemide in promoting natriuresis and correction of hyponatremia. Diuretic-induced hypokalemia can also be corrected by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors due to blockade of aldosterone production. On the basis of these results, we recommend titration of the ACE inhibitors' dose to minimize hypotension and the concurrent use of furosemide in patients with CHF receiving ACE inhibitors, especially for those in whom azotemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia complicate the course.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3037893&dopt=Abstract
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1988 Aug;66(8):997-1009.
Characterization and metabolism of canine proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and collecting ducts in suspension.
Tejedor A, Noel J, Vinay P, Boulanger Y, Gougoux A.
Nephrology Service, Notre-Dame Hospital, Universite de Montreal, Que., Canada.
Preparations of distinct nephron segments were obtained from dog kidneys by collagenase treatment. Four morphologically different tissues were isolated: glomeruli, proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and papillary collecting ducts. Each segment possessed a characteristic assay of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic enzymes. Specific metabolic characteristics also were found: gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis in proximal tubules, glycolytic aerobic metabolism in thick ascending limbs, and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism in papillary collecting ducts. The assay of Na+ -K+ ATPase, H+ -ATPase, and Ca2+ -ATPase activities in these nephron segments demonstrated a specific enrichment of Na+ -K+ ATPase in thick ascending limbs, and of H+ -ATPase in proximal tubules and papillary collecting ducts. Tubular respiration in the absence or presence of ouabain, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or furosemide demonstrated that the respiration of each segment could be correlated to the activity of specific ion motive ATPases. Furthermore, a tight coupling between ion transport, ATP turnover, and substrate oxidation was demonstrated. These isolated tubular structures are thus viable and capable of transepithelial transport. Our preparation provides large amounts of defined population of tubules and are thus useful for the study of biochemical and functional heterogeneity along the nephron.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2972351&dopt=Abstract
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