Drugs online research references
Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Jun;21(6):669-74.
Effects of prehospital medications on mortality and length of stay in congestive heart failure.
Wuerz RC, Meador SA.
Division of Emergency Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey.
HYPOTHESIS: Prehospital medications for congestive heart failure should affect hospital outcomes (survival and length of stay). STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective case series, hospital outcomes were compared for patients treated with prehospital nitroglycerin, furosemide, and/or morphine (252) versus those given no medications (241). SETTING: A rural/suburban emergency medical services system (population 140,000) served by three paramedic units. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred ninety-three consecutive cases of congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema were identified by hospital discharge diagnosis from a data base of 8,315 paramedic transports with known outcome. INTERVENTIONS: Oxygen was given by protocol to 489 patients. Other medications were given by order of on-line physician medical command. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 10.9% (54 of 493). Treated and untreated patients were comparable in age, sex, cardiac rhythms, prior use of cardiac medications, and response and scene times; mortality was reduced in treated versus untreated patients (odds ratio for improved survival, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 4.55; P less than .01). Positive treatment effect was greatest for 58 nonhypotensive, critical patients (odds ratio for survival, 10.25; P less than .01). No single drug combination was unique in terms of treatment benefit. Patients treated in the field received medications 36 minutes earlier than patients first treated in the emergency department. No survival benefit was evidence for noncritical, nonhypotensive patients, and patients with final diagnoses of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, or bronchitis had a higher than expected mortality if erroneously treated for congestive heart failure. Differences in hospital length of stay were not significant for any group. CONCLUSION: Prehospital medications improve survival in congestive heart failure, especially in critical patients. More than one combination of medications seems effective, and early treatment is associated with improved survival. However, these medications appear to increase mortality in patients misdiagnosed in the field. Factors used in paramedica and medical command assessments require further study.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1590605&dopt=Abstract
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1995 Jan 21;125(3):82-8.
[Intervention in nuclear medicine kidney diagnosis]
[Article in German]
Moser E.
Abteilung Nuklearmedizin, Universitat Freiburg.
In the present review, the possibilities of ergometric and pharmacological "intervention" with a view to improving the validity of scintirenography are reported. Exercise renography at present does not have a defined role in clinical routine. This procedure, however, gives additional information in hypertensive patients with respect to renal ischemia. Captopril scintirenography can be recommended as a screening test for renovascular hypertension. Furosemide-"intervention" differentiates between obstructive uropathy and dilatation of renal collecting system without obstruction. This is true especially in newborns with congenital abnormalities of the upper urinary tract, in order to stratify these young patients for surgical or conservative treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7846501&dopt=Abstract
J Cell Biol. 1980 Dec;87(3 Pt 1):672-81.
Separation of renal medullary cells: isolation of cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.
Eveloff J, Haase W, Kinne R.
A homogeneous population of single cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) has been isolated from the rabbit kidney medulla. A total medullary cell suspension was prepared by a series of collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin digestions and separated on a Ficoll gradient (2.6-30.7% wt/wt). Morphologically, the cells isolated from the TALH were homogeneous and showed polarity within their plasma membrane structure, with a few blunt microvilli on their apical surface and deep infoldings of the basal-lateral membrane. Biochemically, the TALH cells were highly enriched in calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and Na, K-ATPase. Alkaline phosphatase and arginine vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, highly concentrated in proximal tubule and collecting duct, were present only in low concentrations in the TALH cells. Additionally, furosemide, a diuretic inhibiting sodium chloride transport in the TALH in vivo, inhibited oxygen consumption of the TALH cells in a dose-dependent manner. The TALH cells were viable, as judged by morphological appearance, trypan blue exclusion, the response of oxygen consumption to 2,4-dinitrophenol, succinate and ouabain, and the cellular Na, K and ATP levels.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6257727&dopt=Abstract
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