Drugs online research references
Chir Forum Exp Klin Forsch. 1977 Apr;:235-9.
[Kidney preservation by mechanical perfusion and by hypothermic storage: a comparative study]
[Article in German]
Grundmann R, Eichmann J, Strumper R, Pichlmaier H.
72 dog kidneys were stored under hypothermia as described by COLLINS and SACKS between 24 and 72 hrs and then transplanted. The immediate function of the kidneys was measured by PAH and inulin clearances. 24 hrs proved to be the maximum safe preservation time with both methods. The immediate function of the kidneys stored under hypothermia could not be improved by the addition of furosemide to the flushing solution. These results were compared with those gained by mechanical perfusion of the organ: kidney function after 72 hrs of hypothermic mechanical perfusion was significantly better than after 24 hrs of hypothermic storage.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=618309&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Jul;266(1):33-40.
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on renal adaptations to acute furosemide administration in conscious rats.
Bak M, Shalmi M, Petersen JS, Poulsen LB, Christensen S.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
During administration of loop diuretics the initial volume depletion activates Na-conserving mechanisms, which reduces glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and stimulates renal tubular reabsorption of Na and water. By i.v. infusion of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat (100 micrograms bolus; 100 micrograms/h) we examined the role of angiotensin II for the compensatory renal responses occurring during furosemide administration in conscious rats. To evaluate the significance of hydration for the compensatory renal effects of angiotensin II, experiments were performed in groups of rats with or without i.v. replacement of urinary volume losses. Furosemide was administered i.v. (6 mg/kg/h) for 3 1/2 hr. Furosemide infusion produced a short-lasting increase in urine flow rate, Na, Li and K excretion after which the renal excretion rates returned toward pretreatment levels, along with significant reductions in effective renal plasma flow and GFR and increases in effective filtration fraction and effective renal vascular resistance. Sustained increases in urine flow and urinary excretion rates of Na, Li and K were observed in absence of changes in GFR in rats given furosemide with volume replacement. Enalaprilat did not alter the tubular response to furosemide during either euvolemia or volume depletion. However, enalaprilat attenuated the furosemide-induced increases in effective filtration fraction and effective renal vascular resistance. It is concluded that angiotensin II is not essential for the compensatory response of decreased GFR and increased tubular Na reabsorption. However, angiotensin II is an important mediator of renal vasoconstriction during furosemide infusion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8392557&dopt=Abstract
Magnes Res. 1995 Dec;8(4):331-9.
Characterization of two mechanisms of (28)Mg uptake in rat jejunal brush border membrane vesicles.
Baillien M, Cogneau M.
Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, University of Liege, Belgium.
Uptakes of (28)Mg at 10 s were measured at 0.1 and 1mM MgCl(2), to mainly represent one or other of the two uptake mechanisms earlier shown to be present in rat jejunal brush border membrane vesicles, one with an apparent KT of 0.2 mM, the other in the millimolar range. Both mechanisms had an optimal temperature close to 28 degrees C, inactivation at 37 degrees C being more acute for the low affinity mechanism (55 percent, P < 0.01). Both mechanisms were equally stimulated by an electrical potential difference (negative inside the vesicles) imposed by a potassium gradient and not affected by the nature of the anion accompanying magnesium. At 0.1 mM MgCl(2), the uptake was increased by an outwardly directed proton gradient, pH 8.2 outside and 7.4 inside (38 percent, P < 0.05), but not depressed when the gradient was in the opposite direction, pH 6.6 outside and 7.4 inside. It was trans-stimulated by magnesium, strongly inhibited by amiloride and to a smaller extent by furosemide, but uninfluenced by 0.1 mM NaCl or by 100 mM NaCl, NaSCN or KCl. A slight but significant inhibition (20-30 per cent) was recorded in the presence of 0.1 mM CoCl(2), NlCl(2) or BaCl(2). At 1 mM MgCl(2), the uptake was not influenced by pH gradient, was not trans-stimulated by Mg and was not affected by furosemide. A 40 percent inhibition by amiloride was, however, recorded. Also 100 mM NaCl or KCl doubled the uptake, while 1 mM NaCl or 100 mM NaSCN did not affect it. In contrast, all the divalent cations tested produced an inhibition (from 60 to 12 percent) in the following order: Co > or = Mn > Ca > or = Ni> Ba > Sr, when used at the same concentration as magnesium. The results showed that cobalt and calcium were not true competitors. In conclusion, two distinct mechanisms would operate magnesium entry at the brush border: (1) an electrogenic high affinity Mg/Mg,H exchange, sensitive to amiloride and furosemide, and (2) an electrogenic low affinity mechanism, inhibited by the presence of several divalent cations and dependent on the presence or activity of alkaline phosphatase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8861133&dopt=Abstract
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