Drugs online research references
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1978;40(1):53-63.
Potentiation and its mechanism of cochlear damage resulting from furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Ohtani I, Ohtsuki K, Omata T, Ouchi J, Saito T.
The severe ototoxic interaction of the combined administration of furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin and gentamicin) was studied in rabbits, and its mechanism clarified. Severe damage occurred not only in the inner ear but also in the kidney when both furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics were administered to rabbits. Kanamycin concentration after a single injection of kanamycin with furosemide was much higher not only in the perilymph but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum than that after a single injection of kanamycin alone. The ototoxic interaction following the combined use of furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics seems to be caused mainly by the inhibitory effect of furosemide on the excretion of aminoglycoside antibiotics from the kidneys.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=567775&dopt=Abstract
J Membr Biol. 1991 Feb;120(1):83-94.
Vasopressin alters the mechanism of apical Cl- entry from Na+:Cl- to Na+:K+:2Cl- cotransport in mouse medullary thick ascending limb.
Sun A, Grossman EB, Lombardi M, Hebert SC.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Experiments were performed using in vitro perfused medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (MTAL) and in suspensions of MTAL tubules isolated from mouse kidney to evaluate the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the K+ dependence of the apical, furosemide-sensitive Na+:Cl- cotransporter and on transport-related oxygen consumption (QO2). In isolated perfused MTAL segments, the rate of cell swelling induced by removing K+ from, and adding one mM ouabain to, the basolateral solution [ouabain(zero-K+)] provided an index to apical cotransporter activity and was used to evaluate the ionic requirements of the apical cotransporter in the presence and absence of AVP. In the absence of AVP cotransporter activity required Na+ and Cl-, but not K+, while the presence of AVP the apical cotransporter required all three ions. 86Rb+ uptake into MTAL tubules in suspension was significant only after exposure of tubules to AVP. Moreover, 22Na+ uptake was unaffected by extracellular K+ in the absence of AVP while after AVP exposure 22Na+ uptake was strictly K(+)-dependent. The AVP-induced coupling of K+ to the Na+:Cl- cotransporter resulted in a doubling in the rate of NaCl absorption without a parallel increase in the rate of cellular 22Na+ uptake or transport-related oxygen consumption. These results indicate that arginine vasopressin alters the mode of a loop diuretic-sensitive transporter from Na+: Cl- cotransport to Na+: K+: 2Cl- cotransport in the mouse MTAL with the latter providing a distinct metabolic advantage for sodium transport. A model for AVP action on NaCl absorption by the MTAL is presented and the physiological significance of the coupling of K+ to the apical Na+: Cl- cotransporter in the MTAL and of the enhanced metabolic efficiency are discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2020021&dopt=Abstract
Kidney Int Suppl. 1982 Aug;12:S90-6.
Studies of the sensing mechanism in the tubuloglomerular feedback pathway.
Wright FS, Mandin H, Persson AE.
Two aspects of the single nephron feedback response previously observed by us have been reexamined. The first, the effect of modifying the composition of fluid used to perfuse the loop of Henle of a single nephron, was studied in rats by comparing flow-induced changes in stop-flow pressure (PSF) with three different perfusion solutions: artificial tubule fluid (ATF); 0.3 M mannitol (M); and mannitol plus 25 to 30 mM sodium chloride (M + E). The second, triggering of the feedback response by injection of ionic current into the distal tubule, was studied in similarly prepared rats by monitoring PSF while passing current. Increasing the rate of loop of Henle perfusion with either ATF or M + E resulted in similar decreases in PSF. In contrast, with M, changes in PSF were usually transient and if persistent were smaller than the changes observed with the other two solutions. When loops of Henle were perfused with ATF at a constant rate, injection of current into the early distal tubule making the lumen more negative resulted in decreases in PSF. Currents of opposite polarity caused no change in PSF if loop flow rate was low; these currents increased PSF if the loop flow rates had previously been high. Current-induced feedback responses were obtained with micropipette electrodes filled with either potassium chloride or lithium acetate. Addition of 10(-4) M furosemide blocked the current-induced feedback responses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6813557&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics