Drugs online research references
Kidney Int Suppl. 1991 Jun;32:S51-4.
Chloride concentration in macula densa and cortical thick ascending limb cells.
Salomonsson M, Gonzalez E, Westerlund P, Persson AE.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Lund, Sweden.
The Cl- transport through the macula densa (MD) cells is believed to be a link in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) believed to be a link in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism and MD-mediated renin release. One step in this transport is probably the electroneutral and furosemide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- contransport on the luminal membrane of MD cells. Another step is transport through basolateral Cl- channels. In the present study the intracellular Cl- concentration, [Cl-]i, was measured in the MD and cortical thick ascending limb (cTAL) cells, and the concentration changes elicited by blocking the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport with furosemide or by lowering the luminal NaCl concentration determined. We also investigated the effects of blocking the basolateral Cl- channels. A preparation consisting of a segment of the cTAL, MD cells, and the attached glomerulus was dissected from rabbit kidneys. The preparation was loaded with the Cl(-)-sensitive fluorophore SPQ, and perfused by using the isolated and perfused tubule technique. The intracellular chloride concentration was determined with a video system using digital imaging that measured the intensity of the emitted SPQ fluorescence. The T 1/2 of the leakage of SPQ was found to be (197 +/- 60) min (n = 9). With 150 mM NaCl in the lumen and bath, [Cl-]i in MD cells was 47 +/- 13 mM (n = 8) and 54 +/- 13 mM (n = 5) in cTAL cells. When furosemide (10(-4) M) was added to the luminal perfusion, the MD cell [Cl-]i was reduced to 6 +/- 2 mM. The corresponding value in cTAL cells was 5 +/- 3 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1881050&dopt=Abstract
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989 Nov;101(5):537-41.
Influence of dietary magnesium on the amplitude of wave V of the auditory brainstem response.
Cevette MJ, Franz KB, Brey RH, Robinette MS.
Mayo Clinic-Scottsdale, Brigham Young University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259.
Thirty-six weanling guinea pigs were fed either a low (600 ppm) or normal (3000 ppm) diet of magnesium for 8 weeks. One half of each diet group received intramuscular injections of magnesium-depleting drugs, furosemide and gentamicin. The other half were controls and received equal intramuscular injections of saline. Auditory brainstem responses were obtained from all animals before and after 8 weeks of treatment of diet and drugs to examine the effects of treatment upon hearing and auditory brainstem function. A three-way analysis of variance of dietary magnesium, by drug and by sex, showed no significant differences in auditory brainstem wave V thresholds, wave V latencies, or interpeak wave I-V latencies between the control and experimental groups. The low magnesium diet group, which received drugs, had significantly greater wave V auditory brainstem response amplitudes. Results can be explained on the basis of magnesium influencing the uptake of calcium into both the hair cells and associated brainstem pathways.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2512531&dopt=Abstract
J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 Mar;7(3):424-30.
Contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the rat kidney.
Fransen R, Muller HJ, Boer WH, Nicolay K, Koomans HA.
Utrecht University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, The Netherlands.
This study was designed to assess whether contrast-enhanced dynamic 1H magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) can be used to detect the effects of the loop diuretic furosemide and the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II on tubular water reabsorption in the rat kidney. A bolus of gadolinium-DTPA-dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) (0.025 or 0.1 mmol/kg) was used as a contrast agent. The signal intensity in the magnetic resonance images relative to the precontrast signal intensity (RSI) was assessed as a function of time in the cortex and medulla. In the cortex, no differences were observed between high and low bolus injection, and between different treatment groups and controls. In the medulla, RSI patterns were different between high and low bolus, with the high bolus showing lower RSI values, because of T2 shortening at high Gd-DTPA concentrations. No difference was observed between controls and angiotensin II-infused animals. This is in line with the finding that angiotensin II did not alter medullary water reabsorption, as evidenced by unchanged urine flow and osmolality compared with controls. Medullary RSI patterns during furosemide infusion differed markedly from controls, in a manner suggesting that a lower concentration of Gd-DTPA was present compared with controls. This agrees with the well-known inhibiting effect of furosemide on medullary water reabsorption. It was concluded that, with the method used, small concentration differences of Gd-DTPA in the cortex resulting from small changes of plus or minus 20% in tubular water reabsorption, previously found to be present by direct micropuncture measurements, cannot be detected in rats. However, large changes in renal concentrating ability do result in different RSI patterns in the medulla.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8704108&dopt=Abstract
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