Drugs online research references
Radiology. 1986 Jan;158(1):109-12.
Contrast media for angiography: effect on renal function.
Cruz C, Hricak H, Samhouri F, Smith RF, Eyler WR, Levin NW.
A total of 125 patients with severe peripheral vascular disease were examined with translumbar aortography. The mean dose of contrast medium injected was 65 ml of Angio Conray (containing 31.2 g of iodine). Forty patients were pretreated with mannitol, and 32 received furosemide. Thirty-eight patients (30%) had diabetes and, presumably, diabetic nephropathy. Eleven of them had significant azotemia (creatinine values greater than or equal to 4 mg/dl). Administration of contrast material did not significantly reduce renal function in any patient group. We conclude that acute renal failure following the injection of contrast material is uncommon, is reversible, and almost always occurs when avoidable complicating factors are present.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3079623&dopt=Abstract
Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1981;647:153-61.
The effect of diuretics on lymphocyte magnesium and potassium.
Ryan MP, Ryan MF, Counihan TB.
Lymphocytes have advantages over other tissues, such as erythrocytes and muscle, for assessing intracellular magnesium and potassium. During experimental magnesium deficiency in rats, the magnitude of the magnesium loss from lymphocytes was similar to that of cardiac and skeletal muscle. During experimental potassium deficiency, cardiac muscle retained potassium more effectively than skeletal muscle. The magnitude of the potassium loss from lymphocytes was of similar magnitude to that of cardiac muscle. Chronic congestive heart failure patients being treated with the loop-blocking diuretic, furosemide, were found to have significantly reduced lymphocyte magnesium (p less than 0.05) and potassium (p less than 0.01) compared to values obtained in 20 control subjects. The effects of acute administration of the potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, were investigated in 10 congestive heart failure patients. Each patient was studied over a 6-day period comprising a 3-day control period involving furosemide administration, followed immediately by a 3-day test period when amiloride (10 mg twice daily) was added to the therapeutic regimen. Amiloride reduced urinary potassium and magnesium, and increased both plasma and lymphocyte potassium and magnesium. Under these conditions, amiloride exerted magnesium-sparing actions in addition to its well-established potassium-sparing actions. The magnesium-sparing actions may be beneficial in that many experimental studies have shown that magnesium is required for maintenance and restoration of cell potassium.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6942638&dopt=Abstract
Endocrinology. 1983 Sep;113(3):964-9.
The role of chemiosmotic lysis in the exocytotic release of insulin.
Pace CS, Smith JS.
The role of chemiosmotic lysis in the exocytotic release of insulin has been studied using perifused rat pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Established criteria for osmotic lysis of secretory granules requires proton translocation across the secretory granule membrane and the influx of a permeant anion. The consequent increase in granule osmolarity induces water entry and granule lysis. A proton gradient has been previously established to exist across the insulin secretory granule membrane. We have examined the sensitivity of insulin release to 1) hyperosmolar solutions, 2) replacement of medium Cl-, 3) replacement of medium Na+, and 4) anion transport inhibitors. The addition of 200-600 mM sucrose resulted in a 32-69% inhibition of insulin release due to 16.7 mM glucose. Replacement of Cl- by isethionate or SO4--reversibly inhibited glucose-induced insulin release by 47% and 78%, respectively. Na+ replacement by choline did not influence the secretory response. 4,4'-Diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (500 microM) and probenecid (10 mM) inhibited insulin release by 73% and 79%, respectively. These drugs are known to inhibit anion exchange in erythrocytes and may be influencing Cl- entry into the secretory granule fused to the plasma membrane by a similar mechanism. Furosemide inhibits NaKCl2 cotransport in erythrocytes, but had no influence on glucose-induced insulin release, suggesting that Cl- does not enter the secretory granule by this pathway. The primary criteria for the participation of a chemiosmotic mechanism subserving lysis of the insulin secretory granule are fulfilled by these results.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6347669&dopt=Abstract
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