Drugs online research references
Neurosurgery. 1985 Apr;16(4):454-7.
Experimental carbon dioxide laser brain lesions and intracranial dynamics: Part 2. Effect on brain water content and its response to acute therapy.
Tiznado EG, James HE, Moore S.
Experimental brain lesions were created over the left parietooccipital cortex of the albino rabbit through the intact dura mater with high radiating carbon dioxide laser energy (40-W impact, 0.5-second duration, for a total time of 4 seconds on a 12.5-mm surface). The brain water content was studied 2, 6, and 24 hours after the insult. Another two groups of animals received acute therapy with either dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or furosemide (1 mg/kg). In all groups, Evans blue extravasation uniformly extended from the impact crater into the surrounding white matter. The brain water content in the gray matter was elevated from the control value by 2 hours after impact (P less than 0.005) and remained elevated at 6 and 24 hours. The white matter brain water content did not increase until 6 hours after impact and remained elevated in the 24-hour group (P less than 0.005). After dexamethasone treatment, there was a significant decrease of water in the gray matter (P less than 0.01), but not in the white matter. With furosemide therapy, there was no reduction of gray or white matter brain water.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3990925&dopt=Abstract
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 Jul 1;224(1):117-26.
Studies on the Ca2+-induced lysis of platelet alpha-granules.
Van der Meulen J, Grinstein S.
Platelet alpha-granules have been reported to lyse upon addition of submillimolar Ca2+ (J. Van der Meulen and S. Grinstein, J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5190). Similar observations in parotid granules have been attributed to extensive lipid hydrolysis. Experiments were performed to assess the role of lipases and proteases in Ca2+-induced lysis of alpha-granules. No differences were detected between lipids of Ca2+-treated and control granules by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Moreover, several phospholipase inhibitors were without effect on Ca2+-induced lysis. Similarly, the polypeptide patterns of control and treated granules were identical and protease inhibitors failed to prevent lysis. In contrast, lysis could be suppressed by increasing the osmolarity of the medium or by substitution with nonpermeating ions. Lysis was unaffected by quinine, amiloride, furosemide, or tetraethylammonium but was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonate (DIDS), a powerful inhibitor of anion transport. The data suggest that Ca2+-induced lysis of alpha-granules does not result from wholesale hydrolysis of either lipids or proteins. Instead, the results are consistent with a Ca2+-mediated change in membrane permeability. In the presence of permeating ions, this leads to entry of salt and osmotically obliged water with consequent swelling and eventual lysis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6347066&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1984 Nov;77(5):823-7.
Elevated hemoglobin A1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in thiazide-treated diabetic patients.
Bloomgarden ZT, Ginsberg-Fellner F, Rayfield EJ, Bookman J, Brown WV.
Despite the well-known hyperglycemic effect of thiazide diuretics, these agents are often administered to diabetic patients. This study compared 89 insulin-treated diabetic patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide, 57 receiving furosemide, and 255 receiving no diuretic. Hemoglobin A1c level was 7.2 +/- 1.8 percent (mean +/- SD) with hydrochlorothiazide, significantly higher than the levels of 5.9 +/- 2.3 percent with furosemide and 6.4 +/- 2.0 percent with no diuretic. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was 154 +/- 43 mg/dl with hydrochlorothiazide, but 134 +/- 42 mg/dl with furosemide and 130 +/- 42 mg/dl with no diuretic. Multivariate analysis showed that the associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, race, type and duration of diabetes, body mass index, blood pressure, serum potassium level, insulin dose, and treatment with other medications. These findings suggest that treatment with thiazide diuretics in the diabetic population may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c levels.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6496535&dopt=Abstract
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