Drugs online research references
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1994 Feb;54(1):23-31.
The magnesium loading test: reference values in healthy subjects.
Gullestad L, Midtvedt K, Dolva LO, Norseth J, Kjekshus J.
Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
The magnesium loading test is a useful tool in the diagnosis of magnesium deficiency. In order to establish a reference range in normal subjects, 88 healthy men and women aged between 18 and 66 years were given 30 mmol magnesium intravenously during eight hours as a loading test, urine was collected from start of infusion for 24 h for measurement of magnesium excretion. The magnesium mean retention was 6.3 +/- 10.3% of the loading dose, and the 0.025 and 0.975 fractiles were -19.5% and 27.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the sexes or in the different age groups studied. There was no correlation between the magnesium retention and serum magnesium or with basal urinary magnesium excretion. An excess excretion of magnesium was observed the postload day compared to baseline, but the excretion 24 and 48 h after the magnesium loading were closely correlated, suggesting that 24 h urinary sampling is sufficient. In order to examine the reproducibility of the test 23 of the subjects underwent two magnesium loading tests 4 weeks apart. The mean difference between two repeat magnesium loading tests was 2.0% with a SD of 8.1% and a 95% confidence interval of -1.6-5.5%. Normal saline did not affect baseline magnesium excretion. Concomitant administration of ethanol or physical exercise caused greater variation in magnesium excretion, whereas furosemide was without effect. The 8 h magnesium loading test with 24 h urine sampling seems to be fairly reproducible, is adequate for clinical use, but the normal range is wide.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8171268&dopt=Abstract
Eur Respir J. 1993 Sep;6(8):1151-5.
Effect of furosemide on the response of laryngeal receptors to low-chloride solutions.
Sant'Ambrogio FB, Sant'Ambrogio G, Anderson JW.
Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0641.
Laryngeal irritant receptors are stimulated by water and solutions lacking chloride ions, such as isotonic dextrose. It has been reported that furosemide (frusemide) reduces cough evoked by inhalation of low-chloride solutions. We studied the effect of furosemide on the response of laryngeal receptors to isotonic dextrose. Experiments were performed on nine dogs anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing through a tracheostomy, and with the upper airway functionally isolated. We recorded the activity of 13 laryngeal irritant receptors. Isotonic dextrose (4 ml) was instilled into the laryngeal lumen, before and after administration of a furosemide solution (3.75 mg.ml-1) into the upper airway. Before furosemide, dextrose increased the activity of the 13 receptors from 1.0 +/- 0.5 to 25.0 +/- 3.5 impulses (imp).s-1 (average discharge in the first 10 s of activation) and, 1-2 min after furosemide, from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 13.4 +/- 3.2 imp.s-1; the difference between the stimulation by dextrose before and after furosemide was statistically significant. In contrast, the response to distilled water of four respiratory-modulated mechano-receptors (known to be activated by low-osmolality solutions) was not modified by furosemide. These results suggest that the furosemide-mediated inhibition of cough induced by inhalation of low-chloride solutions is, at least in part, due to the inhibitory effect of this substance on irritant receptor stimulation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8224129&dopt=Abstract
South Med J. 1977 Jul;70(7):814-7.
The outpatient treatment of refractory hypertension with minoxidil.
Kleiner JP, Ball JH, Nelson WP, Norton JD.
Minoxidil is a potent orally administered vasodilator under investigation for use in severe hypertension. Fifteen patients with moderate to severe hypertension refractory to conventional antihypertensive drugs were treated with minoxidil on an outpatient basis. Propranolol and furosemide were administered concomitantly to control reflex tachycardia and fluid retention. Good blood pressure control was achieved in all but one patient with the average supine mean arterial blood pressure falling from 140 mm Hg with conventional drugs to 106 mm Hg with minoxidil (P less than 0.0005). The major side effects of fluid retention (9/15), hirsutism (15/15), and tachycardia were adequately controlled in all but one patient. We conclude that minoxidil will be a valuable drug in the outpatient management of refractory hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=877641&dopt=Abstract
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