Drugs online research references
South Med J. 1977 May;70(5):571-2.
Increased serum calcium levels induced by furosemide.
Chandler PT, Chandler SA.
Thirteen male patients were treated with furosemide at a dosage of 40 mg by mouth daily for three weeks. Atomic absorption serum calcium determinations before and after treatment revealed a consistent elevation of the serum calcium level. It is suggested that at low dosages, furosemide is likely to raise the serum calcium level, while at daily dosages greater than 60 mg given orally, furosemide may depress the serum calcium level because of urinary losses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=860145&dopt=Abstract
J Exp Biol. 1996;199(Pt 3):711-6.
Intestinal Na+ and Cl- levels control drinking behavior in the seawater-adapted eel Anguilla japonica
Ando M, Nagashima K.
To analyze drinking mechanisms in seawater teleosts, seawater-adapted eels were used as a model system. When the intestine of the eel was perfused with iso-osmotic mannitol, the eels drank sea water. However, when the perfusion medium was switched to iso-osmotic NaCl, seawater drinking was depressed. This depression was observed even after blocking NaCl absorption across the intestine by replacement of the perfusate with choline chloride or by treatment with furosemide, an inhibitor of NaCl and water absorption across the eel intestine. Furthermore, depression of drinking rate preceded an increase in urine flow by over 1 h. These results indicate that this depression is not due to a recovery of blood volume and suggest that intestinal Cl- itself inhibits drinking. Direct action of luminal Cl- on drinking behavior was further supported by the observation that perfusion with iso-osmotic NMDG-HCl, Tris-HCl, choline chloride and RbCl all inhibited seawater drinking. When NaCl in the perfusion medium was replaced with sodium acetate, sodium butyrate, sodium methylsulfate or NaSCN, the drinking rate was enhanced threefold, suggesting that Na+ itself stimulates drinking in the absence of Cl-. In the present study, concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the swallowed fluid were also measured simultaneously. As the drinking rate was enhanced, the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the gastrointestinal fluid were increased. On the basis of these results, it seems possible that high concentrations of Cl- in the intestine reduce the drinking rate, thus lowering esophageal Cl- concentration due to desalination of the ingested sea water. When Cl- concentration in the intestine falls below a certain level, Na+ will stimulate seawater drinking again.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9318466&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Pol Tyg Lek. 1991 May 6-20;46(19-21):375-9.
[Evaluation of captopril levels in chronic congestive heart failure, stages NYHA III and IV]
[Article in Polish]
Mazur-Cichocka M, Michalowicz B, Stasinski T, Wierzchowiecki M.
II Kliniki Kardiologii Instytutu Kardiologii AM, Poznaniu.
Thirty eight patients, aged between 25 and 81 years (mean age 56.9 years) with diagnosed chronic congestive heart failure of NYHA III and IV stages have been examined. The following phases of therapy have been distinguished depending on the used drugs: phase 0--digoxin in a daily dose of 0.25 mg and furosemide in a daily dose of 40-150 mg (mean value 72.4 mg) for 14 days; phase A1A2--nifedipine has been added in a daily dose of 40-80 mg (mean value 64.0 mg), lasting also for 14 days; phase B1B2--captopril (Lopirin--Squibb) has been added to the previous drugs in a daily dose of 25-150 mg (mean value 67.4 mg) in three divided portions for 28 days; phase C1C2--captopril has been withdrawn and drugs as in phase A1A2 have been administered for 14 days. Routine laboratory tests, ECG, a 24-hour ECG-records with Holter's technique, exercise ECG, chest X-ray, and 2D and M echocardiography were performed prior to and after 7 days as well as after each phase of the studies. A significant improvement in the left ventricle functioning assessed with Cubet's echo 2D has been observed in phase B1B2 in comparison with phase A1A2. These parameters have been the following: EF 42.61% vs 31.52%; CO 3.2 vs 2.9 L/min; SV 57.15 vs 44.24 mL (p < .001). Moreover, a decrease in heart volume (X-ray) from 1,145.25 mL to 1,088.25 mL, an increase in exercise tolerance (exercise ECG) in 52.6% of the patients, decrease in Lown's class in 11 out of 24 patients have been noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1845677&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics