Drugs online research references
J Membr Biol. 1997 Aug 1;158(3):257-64.
Facilitated transport of lactate by rat jejunal enterocyte.
Orsenigo MN, Tosco M, Laforenza U, Faelli A.
Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Universita di Milano, Italy.
L-lactate transport mechanism across rat jejunal enterocyte was investigated using isolated membrane vesicles. In basolateral membrane vesicles L-lactate uptake is stimulated by an inwardly directed H+ gradient; the effect of the pH difference is drastically reduced by FCCP, pCMBS and phloretin, while furosemide is ineffective. The pH gradient effect is strongly temperature dependent. The initial rate of the proton gradient-induced lactate uptake is saturable with respect to external lactate with a K(m) of 39.2 +/- 4.8 mM and a Jmax of 8.9 +/- 0.7 nmoles mg protein-1 sec-1. A very small conductive pathway for L-lactate is present in basolateral membranes. In brush border membrane vesicles both Na+ and H+ gradients exert a small stimulatory effect on lactate uptake. We conclude that rat jejunal basolateral membrane contains a H(+)-lactate cotransporter, whereas in the apical membrane both H(+)-lactate and Na(+)-lactate cotransporters are present, even if they exhibit a low transport rate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9263887&dopt=Abstract
J Physiol. 1977 Feb;265(1):207-30.
The electrical properties and active ion transport across the urinary bladder of the urodele, Amphiuma means.
Degnan KJ, Zadunaisky JA.
1. The electrical properties and the active transport processes of the isolated urinary bladder of the urodele, Amphiuma means, were studied by mounting this tissue as a flat sheet between two halves of a lucite chamber. The mean transepithelial potential difference was 70-2 +/- 2-3 mV (serosa positive), the mean short-circuit current was 10-9 +/- 0-5 micrionA/mg of dry weight and the mean transepithelial d.c. resistance was 6540 +/- 374 omega mg of dry weight. 2. The short-circuit current (Isc) accounted for 92% of the net 22Na+ flux from the mucosa to the serosa. The difference resulted from a transport of 36Cl- in the same direction as sodium. 3. The active sodium transport exhibited typical saturation kinetics, having a Km of 15-4 m-equiv/l. and approaching zero order at 60-70 m-equiv/l. The transepithelial potential difference increased linearly with the log of the mucosal sodium concentration at a rate of 50-3 mV per tenfold concentration change. 4. In the absence of the major anions (HCO3- and Cl-) from the bathing solutions, the electrical properties and the sodium influx decreased to less than 40% of their control values. The presence of only one of these two anions in the serosal bathing solution was sufficient to maintain these parameters. 5. Amiloride (10(-5)M) and ouabain (10(-6)M) inhibited the sodium transport 97% and 85% respectively. Amphotericin B (10(-6)M) stimulated the sodium transport 47%. Furosemide (10(-3)M) inhibited the chloride transport 43%. The sodium transport was insensitive to the action of two enurohypophyseal peptides tested, lysine-vasotocin and pitocin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=850164&dopt=Abstract
Gen Pharmacol. 1987;18(6):609-11.
Efficacy and safety of lasilactone, a new combination diuretic, in essential hypertension.
Birbari AE, Daouk MM, Mukaddam-Daher S.
Department of Medicine, American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
1. Lasilactone, a new combination diuretic (furosemide 20 mg and spironolactone 50 mg) was evaluated in 30 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Each patient received one capsule of lasilactone daily. 2. Significant changes in BP were observed 1 week after initiation of therapy and were sustained during the observation period of 1 year. 3. Supine and standing BP fell from 148.6 +/- 2.6/102.1 +/- 1.9 to 120.8 +/- 1.4/91.7 +/- 1.2 and from 154.4 +/- 2.1/106.1 +/- 1.6 to 125.7 +/- 2.2/90.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg respectively. 4. There were no changes in the concentrations of plasma glucose, lipids, uric acid and potassium. On the other hand, levels of plasma renin activity rose from 0.69 +/- 0.06 to 3.95 +/- 0.47 ng/ml/hr and urinary aldosterone excretory rate increased from 9.6 +/- 1.6 to 42.8 +/- 4.2 micrograms/day. 5. This study suggests that addition of spironolactone to furosemide improves the hypotensive potency and minimizes the metabolic and electrolyte alterations of the latter.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3311870&dopt=Abstract
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