Drugs online research references
Comp Biochem Physiol A. 1990;95(3):367-71.
Efflux of chloride from lactating rat mammary tissue slices.
Shennan DB, McNeillie SA.
Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, Scotland, UK.
1. The efflux of chloride (using 36Cl) from lactating rat mammary tissue slices has been investigated. 2. Chloride efflux was found to be temperature dependent; lowering the temperature of the incubation medium reduced the fractional efflux. 3. The stilbene derivatives DIDS was without effect on the fractional release of Cl when studied at 20 degrees C. However, DIDS was found to attenuate the increase in efflux found upon transferring the tissue from a medium maintained at 4 degrees C to one at 20 degrees C. 4. The loop-diuretic furosemide, also reduced the temperature-sensitive portion of Cl efflux. 5. Chloride efflux was transiently increased when tissue slices were transferred from a medium containing gluconate as the principal anion to one containing Cl. 6. The results appear to confirm that mammary Cl transport is mediated via anion exchange and via (Na + K + Cl) cotransport.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1970524&dopt=Abstract
Cell Tissue Res. 1980;212(2):315-31.
Water deprivation in lactating rats: changes in nucleolar dry mass of paraventricular and supraoptic neurones.
Russell JA.
The separation of function between and within the paraventricular (PV) and supraoptic (SO) nuclei was investigated in the rat. Nucleolar dry mass of PV and SO neurones was measured to detect increased synthetic activity after water deprivation for 3 days, lactation for 8 days or water deprivation during days 5 to 8 of lactation. Lactation or water deprivation increased nucleolar dry mass in both PV and SO neurones. These stimuli caused similar nucleolar changes in PV neurones, but water deprivation caused greater changes in SO neurones than lactation. The effects of lactation and water deprivation were additive for both SO and PV neurones. Furosemide was used to intensify the dehydration stimulus to determine whether such intensification could have caused the greater nucleolar changes when lactation and water deprivation were combined. For PV neurones this was not the case, but remained a possibility for SO neurones. Measurements of serum osmolality in the experimental groups were ranked as follows: water deprivation + furosemide > lactation + water deprivation > water deprivation > lactation = virgin control. Loss of body weight was similar in the first two groups but less during water deprivation alone. Although milk yield fell, milk was obtained by the litters of lactating animals throughout the period of water deprivation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7428034&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol. 1990 Apr;258(4 Pt 2):F1042-53.
Basolateral transport of lactate in dog thick ascending limbs.
Vinay P, Senecal J, Noel J, Tejedor A, Berteloot A, Gougoux A.
Groupe de Recherche en Transport Membranaire, Hopital Notre-Dame de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from both red outer medulla or from thick ascending limb segments isolated from the dog kidney were used to examine the process of lactate transport in this nephron segment. The BLMV preparation was enriched in Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) that represented 96% of the total ATPase activity of this preparation and the vesicles were largely under the right side-out orientation. On application of a OH- or HCO3- gradient (inside greater than outside), a secondary active lactate accumulation was observed, with characteristic transient overshoot. This phenomenon was shown to occur irrespective of the presence or absence of Na+, K+, or Cl-. The pH, but not the bicarbonate-driven, overshoot was abolished by nigericin (in presence of K+). Studies with valinomycin and K+ demonstrated that the generation of a membrane potential was not responsible for the acceleration of lactate transport, even if the amplitude of lactate accumulation was reduced in the presence of a bicarbonate gradient and valinomycin. A significant trans-stimulation of [14C]lactate transport by cold lactate was observed (under voltage-clamp condition). The transport was 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid insensitive but sensitive to furosemide (IC50 = 0.1 mM) and alpha-hydroxycyanocinnamate (IC50 = 1 mM). The kinetic parameters of the transporter revealed a single carrier with an apparent Michaelis constant of 1.7 mM and an apparent Vmax of 9.7 nmol.mg protein-1.30 s-1. The transporter was shown to be distinct from that of proximal tubule brush-border membrane or mitochondria (pyruvate). Thus thick ascending limbs possess a carrier-mediated lactate transport that can be used for lactate uptake (aerobic condition) or for lactate release (anaerobic glycolysis) according to metabolic processes imposed by the local oxygenation condition.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2330971&dopt=Abstract
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