Drugs online research references
An Esp Pediatr. 1985 Feb;22(2):99-106.
[Vitamin D3 poisoning and irreversible sequela]
[Article in Spanish]
Navarro M, Acevedo C, Espinosa L, Pena A, Picazo ML, Larrauri M.
Twenty-four children with vitamin D intoxication and a follow-up of one to thirteen years old (means: four years and seven months) are reviewed. Over-dosage was prescribed by medical order in 66.6% of patients and by the mother herself in 16.6%. Intensity of clinical symptoms (renal, neurologic, digestive) were related with daily dose administered whilst final secuelae depends on duration of overdosage. Hipercalcemia was easily corrected by association of low calcium diet, corticoesteroids and/or furosemide in least than a month in 81% of cases. Two patients died during the acute fase and 22.7% remain with permanent damage (five in chronic renal failure, one in haemodialysis and three with low IC).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2984970&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Apr;280(4):F574-82.
Alternatively spliced isoform of apical Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter gene encodes a furosemide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-)cotransporter.
Plata C, Meade P, Hall A, Welch RC, Vazquez N, Hebert SC, Gamba G.
Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City CP 14000, Mexico.
In the absence of vasopressin, medullary thick ascending limb cells express a K(+)-independent, furosemide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter that is inhibited by hypertonicity. The murine renal specific Na(+)-K(+)-2 Cl(-) cotransporter gene (SLC12A1) gives rise to six alternatively spliced isoforms. Three feature a long COOH-terminal domain that encodes the butmetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2 Cl(-) cotransporter (BSC1-9/NKCC2), and three with a short COOH-terminal domain, known as mBSC1-A4, B4, or F4 (19). Here we have determined the functional characteristics of mBSC1-A4, as expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When incubated at normal oocyte osmolarity (approximately 200 mosmol/kgH(2)O), mBSC1-4-injected oocytes do not express significant Na(+) uptake over H(2)O-injected controls, and immunohistochemical analysis shows that the majority of mBSC1-4 protein is in the oocyte cytoplasm and not at the plasma membrane. In contrast, when mBSC1-4 oocytes are exposed to hypotonicity (approximately 100 mosmol/kgH(2)O), a significant increase in Na(+) uptake but not in (86)Rb(+) uptake is observed. The increased Na(+) uptake is Cl(-) dependent, furosemide sensitive, and cAMP sensitive but K(+) independent. Sodium uptake increases with decreasing osmolarity between 120 and 70 mosmol/kgH(2)O (r = 0.95, P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis shows that in hypotonic conditions mBSC1-A4 protein is expressed in the plasma membrane. These studies indicate that the mBSC1-A4 isoform of the SLC12A1 gene encodes a hypotonically activated, cAMP- and furosemide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter. Thus it is possible that alternative splicing of the BSC1 gene could provide the molecular mechanism enabling the Na(+)-Cl(-)-to-Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) switching in thick ascending limb cells.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11249848&dopt=Abstract
Pflugers Arch. 1976 Mar 30;362(2):181-4.
Chloride transport in isolated frog (Rana temporaria) skin: changes in short-circuit currently, potential, resistance, and chloride flux elicited by furosemide.
Lote CJ.
In a large number of isolated frog skins, with potential differences of from 20--92 mV (mean, 55.3 +/- 3.6 S.E.M.), the chloride influx was found to be slightly greater than chloride efflux under short-circuit conditions, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, if skins of low potential (less than 50 mV) were selected, chloride influx was significantly higher than chloride efflux (P less than 0.05). In this low potential group furosemide, (10(-3)M, applied to the solution bathing the mucosal surface) was found to produce a) a small increase in short-circuit current, which was generally apparent within 1 min, maximal in 5 min; and thereafter declined towards the control value; b) a marked increase in potential difference, apparent within 1 min and sustained for at least 30 min; c) a large and sustained increase in the calculated d.c. resistance of the skin and d) a decrease in the influx of chloride, such that influx and efflux were equalized.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1083503&dopt=Abstract
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