Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1991 Oct;261(4 Suppl):3-7.
Control of growth in the neonatal pig heart.
Beinlich CJ, Baker KM, White GJ, Morgan HE.
Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822.
The newborn heart is an excellent model in which to study cardiac growth because the neonatal period is a normal situation in which the left ventricle (LV) grows rapidly and the right ventricle grows slowly. Accelerated LV growth is in response to mechanical, neural, and endocrine changes at birth. Faster growth of the LV is accounted for by greater capacity for protein synthesis, as evidenced by greater RNA content. At 18 h of life, ribosomes are formed in preference to total heart protein, but at 48 h of life, faster rates of both ribosome formation and total protein synthesis are observed. In the LV of hearts from 2-day-old pigs, these rates are insensitive to the addition of glucagon, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, or a combination of norepinephrine and propranolol. These observations could result because of maximal growth stimulation already present in the LV of the newborn heart. To restrain LV growth in the neonatal period, we treated pigs with enalapril maleate, an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor. Enalapril blocked growth of the LV as well as the increase in RNA content. When hearts from enalapril-treated pigs were perfused in vitro, rates of protein synthesis and ribosome formation in the LV were lower. These studies suggest that angiotensin II is an important factor accounting for rapid growth of the neonatal heart in response to pressure overload at birth.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1718172&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol. 1996 Jun;270(6 Pt 2):F997-1003.
Na-K-ATPase along rat nephron after subtotal nephrectomy: effect of enalapril.
Terzi F, Cheval L, Barlet-Bas C, Younes-Ibrahim M, Buffin-Meyer B, Burtin M, Beaufils H, Marsy S, Girolami JP, Kleinknecht C, Doucet A.
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U 426, Faculte Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
Tubular overwork is thought to be a promoter of the tubular hypertrophy and renal failure that occur in response to renal mass reduction. Because Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) is an index of tubular work, we evaluated the effects of subtotal nephrectomy and of enalapril therapy, which delays the evolution of renal lesions, on tubular hypertrophy and Na-K-ATPase activity along the rat nephron. Within 6 wk, 70% reduction of renal mass engendered hypertrophy of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), thick ascending limb (TAL), and collecting duct (CD), as well as parallel increments in Na-K-ATPase activity per millimeter tubule length (Na-K-ATPase activity per unit surface area was not modified by subtotal nephrectomy). Chronic enalapril therapy prevented part of the hypertrophy (but not Na-K-ATPase stimulation) of the PCT and the whole stimulation of Na-K-ATPase (but not hypertrophy) in the CD, whereas it had no effect on the TAL. Enalapril effect on Na-K-ATPase in CD might result from reduced bradykinin metabolism, as the reduction in urinary excretion of bradykinin observed in subtotally nephrectomized rats was prevented by enalapril therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8764319&dopt=Abstract
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Sep 1;27(1):93-9.
Treatment of radiation nephropathy with ACE inhibitors.
Moulder JE, Fish BL, Cohen EP.
Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
PURPOSE: A previous study showed that radiation nephritis could be treated with captopril, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. These studies were designed to determine whether other angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors would be effective, whether captopril would inhibit the development of the histopathologic lesions typical of radiation nephritis, and whether captopril could be used to treat the nephropathy observed in bone marrow transplant recipients conditioned with total body irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In radiation nephritis studies, rats were given 17-27 Gy bilateral renal irradiation in 5 fractions. Six months after irradiation animals were stratified by blood urea nitrogen and assigned to no treatment, or treatment with captopril (500 mg/l) or enalapril (50 mg/l) in the drinking water. A subset of animals was sacrificed for histopathology after 3 months; the remaining animals continued on drugs for 7 months. In the bone marrow transplant nephropathy study, rats received 14-17 Gy total body irradiation in 6 fractions over 3 days followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplant. Six months after irradiation, animals were stratified by blood urea nitrogen and assigned to no treatment, or treatment with captopril (500 mg/l). Animals remained on drugs for 6 months. In all studies animals were followed with periodic renal function tests. RESULTS: In the radiation nephritis study, survival and renal function were significantly enhanced by both captopril and enalapril, but there were no significant differences between the drugs. The histopathologic severity of the lesions of radiation nephritis correlated with the degree of renal dysfunction; and in irradiated animals with equal initial azotemia, captopril-treated rats developed less severe renal lesions. Finally, captopril also prolonged survival and preserved renal function in this rat bone marrow transplant nephropathy model. CONCLUSION: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors are an effective treatment for both radiation nephritis and bone marrow transplant nephropathy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8365947&dopt=Abstract
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