Drugs online research references
Kidney Int. 1988 Apr;33(4):787-91.
Albuminuria causes lysozymuria in rats with Heymann nephritis.
Hutchison FN, Kaysen GA.
Department of Medicine, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Martinez, California.
To determine if changes in dietary protein intake alter renal excretion of small molecular weight proteins in passive Heymann nephritis, 21 rats with passive Heymann nephritis were fed 8.5% protein for 12 days after injection with antiserum. Dietary protein intake was then increased to 40% in 10 rats (LP-HP) while 11 rats remained on 8.5% protein (LP-LP). Lysozymuria (UlysV) increased from 66.5 +/- 31.0 mcg/day to 457.5 +/- 98.0 mcg/day (P less than 0.001) after five days in LP-HP, but was unchanged in LP-LP. Albuminuria (UalbV) increased only in LP-HP, from 168 +/- 23 mg/day to 447 +/- 45 mg/day (P less than 0.001). Urinary lysozyme excretion correlated with UalbV (r = 0.737, P less than 0.001), and changes in UlysV correlated with changes in UalbV (r = 0.657, P less than 0.01). To determine whether the increase in UlysV was the direct effect of the change in diet, enalapril 40 mg/kg/day was administered to prevent the increase in UalbV that occurs when these rats are fed a high protein diet. Twelve rats were fed 8.5% (LP) and 10 were fed 40% protein (HP) from the time of injection with antiserum. Six LP (LPE) and five HP (HPE) received enalapril. UlysV was 873 +/- 391 mcg/day in HP and nearly undetectable in the other three groups. UalbV was significantly greater in HP (368 +/- 60 mg/day) compared to the other three groups (114 +/- 16 in LP, 136 +/- 44 in HPE, 95 +/- 21 in LPE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Mar;17(3):233-41.
Enalapril (MK421) and its lysine analogue (MK521): a comparison of acute and chronic effects on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system and sodium excretion in normal man.
Hodsman GP, Zabludowski JR, Zoccali C, Fraser R, Morton JJ, Murray GD, Robertson JI.
The immediate and long-term effects of enalapril (MK421) and its lysine analogue (MK521) in once-daily dosage, were compared in a study of 12 normal subjects. Both compounds lowered blood pressure equally throughout 24 h without causing tachycardia. The biochemical changes with MK521 were more sustained than with MK421, but this did not affect the magnitude of blood pressure reduction. Twenty-four hours after the previous dose, with both active drugs, plasma renin concentration was significantly higher on day 8 than on day 1, though angiotensin I did not increase in proportion; this probably reflects a fall in renin-substrate with prolonged converting enzyme inhibition. There was an early natriuresis with each compound but this effect was no longer apparent after 8 days of continuous therapy. Both MK421 and MK521 were well tolerated with no serious side effects.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6324833&dopt=Abstract
Nucl Med Commun. 1998 Dec;19(12):1135-40.
Enalapril plus frusemide MAG3 scintigraphy in hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis and moderate renal insufficiency.
Caglar M, Moretti JL, Buchet P, Weinmann P, Baillet G, Prigent A, Laedrich J, Le Tourmelin P, Kleinknecht D, Meyrier A.
Departement de Medecine Nucleaire, CHU Avicenne, Montreuil, France.
We performed a retrospective study on 26 patients with moderate renal failure (mean GFR = 51 +/- 21 ml min-1 1.73 m-2), hypertension and atherosclerosis. Apart from three patients who had completely normal renal Doppler ultrasonography, all patients underwent renal angiography. Three groups of kidneys with different atherosclerotic renal artery involvement were identified: Group 1, 24 kidneys with no renal artery stenosis (RAS); Group 2, 18 kidneys with mild (> 25% and < 50% diameter) RAS; and Group 3, 10 kidneys with moderate (> 50% diameter) RAS. We used a two-day protocol with frusemide plus enalapril 99Tcm-MAG3 scintigraphy. The mean parenchymal transit time (MPTT), time to the maximum activity (time to peak) of the renal curve (Tmax), residual activity and split renal uptake were evaluated. The measured parameters did not differ before and after enalapril in Group 1 or in Group 2. In Group 3, MPTT and residual activity differed significantly (P < 0.025) before and after enalapril. The Tmax before and after enalapril, MPTT before and after enalapril and residual activity after enalapril differed significantly (P < 0.05) between Groups 1 and 3 and between Groups 2 and 3. Threshold values were obtained to maximize diagnostic accuracy. The Tmax, MPTT and residual activity after enalapril gave satisfactory results, and MPTT performed best with a 75% positive predictive value and a 98% negative predictive value for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. We conclude that MPTT, measured after enalapril administration, is a useful parameter to detect renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis and moderate renal insufficiency.
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