Drugs online research references
Pol Arch Med Wewn. 1997 Jan;97(1):15-21.
[Monitoring kidney function in patients with essential hypertension treated with enalapril]
[Article in Polish]
Orzechowska-Juzwenko K, Jazwinska-Tarnawska E, Hurkacz ML, Loboz-Grudzien K.
Katedra i Zakllad Farmakologii Klinicznej AM, Wrocllaw.
Hypertension may to be both, cause and the results of the renal dysfunction. The N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a lysosomal enzyme of renal proximal tubular cells. An elevation of the enzyme activity in urine was observed in kidney diseases and also in hypertension. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the influence of the 6-months-lasting enalapril therapy on function of renal tubules and glomeruli in patients with essential hypertension. This study included 30 patients with essential hypertension (I-II grade according to WHO criteria), divided into two groups according to the initial NAG activity in urine: I-with normal NAG activity, II-with elevated NAG activity. Enalapril administered in doses 2.5-10 mg per day. The urine NAG activity, the urine and serum creatinine concentrations, the urea serum concentration and the creatinine clearance were determined after 2, 4, 8 weeks, 3 and 6 months of enalapril therapy. Simultaneously, the blood pressure and the heart rate were measured and the resting ECG was registered. In the course of the 6-months enalapril therapy of hypertension, NAG activity in urine in the group II was declined to normal values, the creatinine concentration in the urine increased in groups I and II, and the blood pressure was significantly reduced. The results of our study imply that the monitoring of the NAG activity in urine during the enalapril therapy of hypertension, may to be a indicator of protective action of the drug on the kidney and its antihypertensive efficacy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9235547&dopt=Abstract
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Jan;65(1):58-65.
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme in human hand veins.
Chalon S, Bedarida GV, Moreno H Jr, Tejura B, Urae A, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF.
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II likely occurs in human veins, supporting the existence of endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in these vessels. Using the dorsal hand vein technique, we investigated the effects of 2 ACE inhibitors, captopril (single oral dose of 6.25 mg) and enalaprilat (local infusion of 1 microgram/min), on venous responsiveness in healthy subjects. Orally administered captopril induced a marked decrease in angiotensin I- but not angiotensin II-induced venoconstriction. This blunted response persisted for at least 4 hours. Enalaprilat and captopril increased the sensitivity to bradykinin, decreasing the dose producing half-maximal response (ED50) of bradykinin 18-fold and 5-fold, respectively, without changing the maximal venodilatory response. These results confirm that there is substantial rapid metabolism of angiotensin I in human veins and suggest that a single dose of locally infused angiotensin I can be used with the dorsal hand vein technique to assess the time-course effect of vascular ACE inhibition after oral administration. Our findings also extend previous in vitro observations in human veins by showing that these agents potentiate the venodilatory effects of bradykinin in vivo.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9951431&dopt=Abstract
Int Urol Nephrol. 1997;29(4):497-507.
Dietary protein restriction in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor improves insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal disease.
Stefikova K, Spustova V, Gazdikova K, Krivosikova Z, Dzurik R.
Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Insulin resistance (IR) and secondary hyperinsulinaemia are major risk factors of atherosclerosis and probably also of related glomerulosclerosis. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), while improving IR in essential hypertension, do not improve it in patients with chronic renal disease. Thus, the combination of ACEI and low protein diet was evaluated. Thirty-eight patients with various kidney diseases and mild to moderate impairment of kidney function were included in the study. Thirteen of them suffered from IR. Their dietary protein intake was decreased from > or = 1.0 g/kg/d to 0.6-0.7 g/kg/d. Moreover, they were treated by ACEI enalapril at dosages of 2-10 mg/d depending on the absence/presence and severity of hypertension. The patients were followed for 8 months. No clinically relevant kidney disease progression (KDP) was found. IR patients improved remarkably. IR was examined by the oral glucose tolerance test and glucose, insulin and C-peptide determinations. Their increased plasma triglyceride, VLDL concentrations and proteinuria decreased, HDL concentration increased. Acid-base balance and anaemia did not change. It is concluded that protein restriction in combination with ACEI treatment improve IR and the associated dyslipoproteinaemia and proteinuria.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9406010&dopt=Abstract
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