Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1991 Nov;261(5 Pt 1):E642-6.
Influence of recombinant human erythropoietin on blood pressure and tissue renin-angiotensin systems.
Eggena P, Willsey P, Jamgotchian N, Truckenbrod L, Hu MS, Barrett JD, Eggena MP, Clegg K, Nakhoul F, Lee DB.
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California 91343.
In humans, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors (ANG CEI) prevents the rise in blood pressure associated with the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). This study was conducted to determine whether rhEPO elevates blood pressure in normal Wistar rats and whether the renin-ANG system is affected. Groups of 10 rats each were given rhEPO, ANG CEI (enalapril), rhEPO + ANG CEI, or vehicle. Renin and/or renin substrate mRNA was measured in aortas, kidney, and heart; renin activity (PRA), inactive renin, and renin substrate were measured in plasma. rhEPO raised blood pressure in the normal rat without changing the plasma renin system. ANG CEI prevented this blood pressure rise. Renin-specific mRNA was increased by rhEPO in renal tissue, and renin substrate mRNA was significantly elevated in the kidney and aorta. mRNA for renin and renin substrate were not altered in the heart. In both aorta and kidney, a significant correlation was observed between renin substrate mRNA and blood pressure. The data indicate that rhEPO modulates specific tissue renin-ANG systems, which may contribute to blood pressure elevation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1951690&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;49(3):173-5.
Polymorphic inhibition of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme by enalaprilat.
Lee EJ.
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge.
Many individuals possess an allele of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, which contains an extra 287-kb fragment in intron 16 (Rigat et al. 1992). Although the functionality of this fragment is at present unclear, the absence (deletion, D) or presence (insertion, I) of this fragment appears to be related to both the amount and activity of circulating ACE. This paper reports the possible polymorphic response of ACE to the ACE inhibitor enalaprilat in 54 normal Chinese subjects that is independent of the I/D polymorphism. The kinetics of ACE inhibition with enalaprilat was studied in serum from 54 normal Chinese subjects. Enalaprilat appKi ranged between 0.46 and 2.16 nM. An antimode was observed at 1.4 nM. Four subjects could be characterized as being poor responders to enalaprilat.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8665992&dopt=Abstract
Med Clin (Barc). 1994 Sep 24;103(9):321-5.
[Adverse reactions from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor drugs reported by the yellow card]
[Article in Spanish]
Morales-Olivas FJ, Ferrer JM, Palop V, Rubio E.
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universitat de Valencia.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze the adverse reactions (AR) to captopril (CP) and enalapril (EN) reported by voluntary notification by the yellow card (YC) over the first five years of the foundation of the Drug Surveillance Center of the Valencian Community. METHODS: The AR described were classified by organs and systems, evaluating the age and the sex of the patient, the indication for the drug, dosage used, and the level of health care assistance received since notification. Previous knowledge of the reported AR was analyzed, as was the possible relation of causality with the drug and severity of the same. The rates of notification were calculated with respect to the consumption of both drugs, expressed in daily dosage defined (DDD). RESULTS: Two hundred one YC were evaluated, 111 for CP and 90 for EN referring 160 and 133 clinical manifestations, respectively. The rate of notification was 2.51 YC/million DDD for CP and 5.57 for EN. The AR in the respiratory tract were the most frequently reported with cases of dry cough representing 33.7% of the total YC for CP and 33.8% for EN. Cutaneous AR followed for both drugs. Angioedema was reported in 0.09 AR/million DDD for CP and 0.56 for EN. Reactions were most frequently observed in patients over the age of 50 with a predominance of the female sex, being usually slight and with 80% having been notified from primary health care centers. CONCLUSIONS: The high number of reports of cough demonstrate that this is the most frequently observed adverse reaction. The distribution of reactions and the characteristics of the patients with the same coincide with other studies. The low number of yellow cards reporting severe adverse reactions may support the favorable safety profile of this pharmacologic group, or, to the contrary, be a consequence of the under-reporting of adverse reactions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7967889&dopt=Abstract
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