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J Hypertens. 1993 Sep;11(9):969-75.
The effect of enalapril on glomerular growth and glomerular lesions after subtotal nephrectomy in the rat: a stereological analysis.

Amann K, Irzyniec T, Mall G, Ritz E.

Department of Pathology, Ruperto Carola University, Heidelberg, Germany.

INTRODUCTION: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a beneficial effect on glomerular injury in different models of renal damage. Their presumed nephroprotective action has been related partly to actions on glomerular growth. We examined the effect of prophylactic administration of a moderate dose of enalapril (50 mg/l in drinking water) in male Sprague-Dawley rats on a diet containing 40% protein and moderate NaCl. METHODS: The rats were followed for 8 weeks after subtotal nephrectomy and compared with sham-operated matched controls. RESULTS: The number of glomeruli per kidney was reduced significantly in both the enalapril-treated and control groups. The median glomerulosclerosis index was significantly lower in the enalapril-treated than in the untreated subtotally nephrectomized rats. The mean absolute glomerular volume was significantly higher after subtotal nephrectomy, but was significantly lower in the enalapril-treated than in the untreated subtotally nephrectomized rats. The total numbers of cells per glomerulus and of mesangial or endothelial cells, as well as nuclear volumes of mesangial cells and the total capillary length per glomerulus, were all significantly higher after subtotal nephrectomy. These parameters were significantly lower in the enalapril-treated than in the untreated nephrectomized rats. The rise in systemic blood pressure was modest in the nephrectomized rats and the arteriolar volume: length ratio was unchanged by treatment with enalapril. CONCLUSIONS: In subtotally nephrectomized rats enalapril inhibits (but fails to reverse completely) the compensatory glomerular enlargement and the increase in mesangial cell number and activation, with a concomitant reduction in the development of glomerulosclerosis. The results is compatible with antiproliferative, and possibly antiangiogenic, actions of ACE inhibitors.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8254179&dopt=Abstract




Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1994 Nov;26(1):67-75.
Nicardipine may impair glucose metabolism in hypertensive diabetic patients.

Sasaki H, Naka K, Kishi Y, Ohoshi T, Hagihara T, Matsuo H, Sowa R, Matsumoto G, Sanke T, Nanjo K.

First Department of Medicine, Wakayama University of Medical Science, Japan.

The respective effects of 6 month's administration of beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, carteolol and arotinolol), calcium-channel blockers (nicardipine, diltiazem) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were evaluated in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), using a retrospective method. NIDDM patients with stable HbA1c and body weight were selected for this study. The following results were obtained. (1) The administration of nicardipine or beta-blockers significantly elevated HbA1c levels. (2) The administration of diltiazem or enalapril did not have any influence on HbA1c levels. These findings suggest that not only beta-blocker but nicardipine (dihydropyridine type calcium-channel blocker) may cause deterioration in glucose metabolism in NIDDM patients.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7533075&dopt=Abstract




FEBS Lett. 1995 Mar 13;361(1):22-4.
Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are increased by enalapril and captopril in mouse liver.

de Cavanagh EM, Inserra F, Ferder L, Romano L, Ercole L, Fraga CG.

Institute of Nephrology, Jewish Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

We have characterized the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on the activity of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase, and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx). CF1 mice (4-month-old females) were administered water containing enalapril (20 mg/l) or captopril (50 mg/l), during 4 to 11 weeks. After 11 weeks, enalapril treatment caused an increase in the activity of CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and Se-GPx, from 19 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 7, 2.1 +/- 0.2 to 3.8 +/- 0.2 units/mg protein and 27 +/- 3 to 54 +/- 3 milliunits/mg protein, respectively. After 11 weeks, captopril treatment increased the activities (P < 0.05) of CuZn-SOD, MnSOD and Se-GPx to 35 +/- 4, 2.9 +/- 0.2 units/mg protein, and 38 +/- 2 milliunits/mg protein, respectively. Catalase activity was not affected by the treatments. These results suggest that ACE inhibitors may protect cell components from oxidative damage by increasing the enzymatic antioxidant defenses.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7890034&dopt=Abstract












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