Drugs online research references
Dig Dis Sci. 1997 Jan;42(1):74-8.
Cigarette smoke increases gastric ulcer size in part by an angiotensin II-mediated mechanism in rats.
Seno K, Zhu JH, Barrett JD, Eggena P, Scremin OU, Lam K, Leung JW, Leung FW.
Gastroenterology Laboratory, Sepulveda and West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center California, 91343, USA.
To assess the mechanism of the effect of cigarette smoke on ulcer disease we employed a rat model in which cigarette smoke increases the size of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer and decreases the hyperemia at the ulcer margin. We postulate that cigarette smoke increases angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor) in ulcer tissue. Since direct measurement of angiotensin II in small tissue samples is problematic, we compared the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for its precursors (angiotensinogen and renin) in ulcer and normal gastric tissue. We also evaluated the effect of enalapril, which blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II on ulcer size. In the ulcer tissue, cigarette smoke produced a significant increase in mRNA for angiotensinogen but not for renin. Enalapril decreased the size of the gastric ulcer in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The data support the possibility that in ulcer tissue cigarette smoke stimulates an angiotensin II-mediated mechanism, which may in part be responsible for the impairment of ulcer margin hyperemia and aggravation of ulcer size.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9009118&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol. 1990 Oct;259(4 Pt 2):F660-5.
Recruitment of renin gene-expressing cells in adult rat kidneys.
Gomez RA, Chevalier RL, Everett AD, Elwood JP, Peach MJ, Lynch KR, Carey RM.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
To define whether angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition affects the distribution of renin gene-expressing cells within the kidney, a control group of adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats (C, n = 7) was compared with a group of rats treated with enalapril (E, n = 6) for 5 days. Renin mRNA distribution was assessed using in situ hybridization to a 35S-labeled 28 mer oligonucleotide complementary to rat renin mRNA. Whereas in control rats renin mRNA was confined to a juxtaglomerular location, in enalapril-treated rats, renin mRNA extended proximally along the length of the afferent arteriole. The percent of visible afferent arteriolar length containing renin mRNA was higher in enalapril-treated (71.7 +/- 2.8%) than in control (49.6 +/- 2.1%) rats (P less than 0.0001). These findings were accompanied by an increase in the percent of juxtaglomerular apparatuses (JGAs) containing renin mRNA (71 +/- 2.2 vs. 49 +/- 2.9%; E vs. C, P less than 0.0001). Also, the intensity of the JGA hybridization signals was higher in enalapril-treated (757 +/- 59 grains/JGA) than in control (167 +/- 11 grains/JGA) rats (P less than 0.00001). We conclude that the increased kidney renin gene expression elicited by ACE inhibition is the result of an increase in renin mRNA content per JGA, an increase in the number of JGAs expressing the renin gene, and a recruitment of renin gene-expressing cells along the afferent arteriole.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2221104&dopt=Abstract
N Z Med J. 1986 Jul 9;99(805):503-4.
Once daily enalapril in general practice patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Crombie A, Manson P, McVey D, Smith MW, Smeeton VJ, Somerton DT.
Thirty-nine general practice patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were treated with enalapril 10 to 40 mg once daily alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 to 25 mg once daily for 20 weeks. Eighty-one percent of patients responded with a satisfactory reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure, and 58% became normotensive. No serious adverse clinical or laboratory effects were noted. Enalapril alone or in combination with low dose diuretic administered once daily was an effective alternative regimen for mild to moderate hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3016621&dopt=Abstract
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