Drugs online research references
dunamis.rph.uwa.edu.au
We postulated that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelial function would be improved by acute and short-term treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients with type I diabetes mellitus, in whom endothelial function is depressed. Nine type I diabetic patients and eight healthy subjects underwent forearm blood flow measurement using strain gauge plethysmography during intraarterial infusion of incremental doses of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine [ACh]) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside [SNP]) vasodilators. Pretreatment ACh responses were depressed in diabetic patients relative to the normal subjects (P < 0.05). No difference between the groups was evident in response to SNP. Acute ACE inhibition (with intrabrachial enalaprilat) enhanced ACh responses in the diabetic patients (P < 0.005), with a further improvement evident after 1 mo of oral therapy with enalapril (P < 0.001) when ACh responses were normalized. ACE inhibition did not affect SNP responses. We conclude that acute administration of the ACE inhibitor, enalaprilat, enhances NO-mediated endothelial function in type I diabetic patients, with further improvement evident after 4 wk of enalapril therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9239416&dopt=Abstract
Klin Wochenschr. 1988 Dec 1;66(23):1184-9.
[Effect of enalapril, furosemide and verapamil on cyclosporin concentration in whole blood]
[Article in German]
Spes CH, Angermann CE, Anthuber M, Kemkes BM, Theisen K.
Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Universitat Munchen.
Introduction of ciclosporin A into immunosuppressive therapy is considered a major progress in improving results of organ transplantation. Clinical use of ciclosporin, however, is limited by a low therapeutic index and toxic side effects. Therefore, interactions of ciclosporin with other drugs are clinically important. In our study, we used enalapril, furosemide and verapamil for treatment of arterial hypertension in cardiac transplant recipients and investigated the influence of these drugs on ciclosporin whole blood trough levels. The antihypertensive regimen used in this study normalized blood pressure in each of the 25 patients. Enalapril and furosemide did not influence ciclosporin levels. Adding verapamil, however, resulted in a significant increase of ciclosporin levels, whereas cessation of the drug in one patient treated with verapamil only lowered ciclosporin levels. Thus, when verapamil is introduced or discontinued in patients on ciclosporin, close monitoring of ciclosporin levels and dosage adjustment are necessary. Besides its specific effects verapamil allows reduction of ciclosporin dosage necessary to maintain unaltered levels, which is important regarding cost of therapy. In general, use of any drug with unknown influence on ciclosporin levels requires careful monitoring, even if information exists on other substances of the same group of drugs in this respect. This is especially indicated in drugs known to influence the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2850409&dopt=Abstract
J Physiol (Paris). 1987;82(1):18-24.
Reflex pressor response to gastric mechanical stimulation in rats.
Pozo F, Fueyo A, Esteban MM, Rojo-Ortega JM, Marin B.
Departamento Interfacultativo de Fisiologia (Medicina-Biologia), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Espagne.
Neural and humoral mechanisms involved in the reflex pressor response during mechanical stimulation of the stomach of rats were investigated. The arterial blood pressure response was prevented by inhibition of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction using either an alpha-adrenergic blocker or a ganglionic blocker. In addition, there was a small decrease in the response after nephrectomy. However, there were no alterations in the response after beta-adrenergic blockade, bilateral adrenalectomy, inhibition of converting enzyme activity with enalapril or bilateral cervical vagus nerve transection. The heart rate was not modified after either intervention. After vagotomy the time of recovery of the basal blood pressure was significantly prolonged. It can be concluded that the blood pressure response to mechanical stimulation of the stomach wall is of neural rather than of humoral origin and mainly involves activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Vagal efferent pathways could be also involved.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2892928&dopt=Abstract
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