Drugs online research references
Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 24;115(2-3):139-46.
DMI, Wy-45,030, Wy-45,881 and ciramadol inhibit locus coeruleus neuronal activity.
Haskins JT, Moyer JA, Muth EA, Sigg EB.
Wy-45,030 and Wy-45,881 block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in rat brain synaptosomal preparations and share several in vivo and in vitro effects with known tricyclic antidepressants. To further characterize their activity, these compounds were compared to desipramine and ciramadol in electrophysiological studies of their acute effects on noradrenergic neuronal activity. All four compounds inhibited locus coeruleus neuronal activity with a rank order of potency of desipramine greater than Wy-45,881 greater than Wy-45,030 greater than ciramadol. Administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocking drug, piperoxane, increased locus coeruleus firing rate after desipramine, Wy-45,030 and Wy-45-881. Pretreatment with naloxone prevented the reduction in locus coeruleus impulse flow observed after ciramadol administration but had no effect on the inhibition produced by Wy-45,030. Wy-45,030 and Wy-45,881, like classical antidepressants, appear to inhibit locus coeruleus neuronal firing by potentiating neuroinhibitory transmission of locus coeruleus neurons by blocking the uptake of norepinephrine into presynaptic terminals.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2998818&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1997;391:7-13.
Designing a new generation of antidepressant drugs.
Pinder RM.
NV Organon, Oss, The Netherlands.
Although longer-term adaptive changes in receptor sensitivity may better explain the delayed onset of action of antidepressants, the mechanism based on acutely elevated noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) synaptic levels remains the basis for new drug design. The dual action concept, which postulates that effects on both NA and 5-HT are more advantageous than a selective action on serotonin reuptake (SSRI), has been used to design new antidepressants such as venlafaxine and mirtazapine. Both drugs enhance NA and 5-HT neurotransmission with little affinity for receptors mediating tricyclic-like side effects. Mirtazapine, the prototype noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), specifically enhances 5-HT1 neurotransmission and blocks 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors, and in contrast to venlafaxine lacks SSRI-like and adverse cardiovascular side effects. The unique pharmacological action of mirtazapine is a result of implementation of two concepts: dual action as a basis of efficacy combined with receptor-specific action as a basis of tolerability.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9265946&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Jul;56(1):14-21.
The effect of renal disease on the disposition of venlafaxine.
Troy SM, Schultz RW, Parker VD, Chiang ST, Blum RA.
Department of Medicine, Millard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14209-1194.
The pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine and its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine were studied in subjects with various degrees of renal dysfunction, including subjects requiring maintenance hemodialysis. Venlafaxine was administered as a single 50 mg dose, with blood and urine samples obtained at intervals up to 48 hours after administration for the subjects receiving dialysis or 72 hours for the subjects not receiving dialysis. Six subjects receiving dialysis also completed an intradialysis evaluation to estimate dialysis clearance. Concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in plasma, urine, and dialysate fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Apparent total clearance of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were both significantly decreased by approximately 55% in the subjects receiving dialysis, and terminal disposition half-life was significantly prolonged for both compounds. Venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine are poorly dialyzable. In conclusion, the disposition of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine is markedly altered in renal disease; therefore dosage adjustment is warranted for patients with creatinine clearance values below 30 ml/min.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8033490&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Tramadol ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics