Drugs online research references
Xenobiotica. 1994 Apr;24(4):315-27.
Pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in laboratory animals.
Howell SR, Hicks DR, Scatina JA, Sisenwine SF.
Drug Metabolism Division, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000.
1. The pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine have been evaluated in mouse, rat, dog and rhesus monkey after i.v. and/or i.g. doses of venlafaxine from 2 to 120 mg/kg either as single or repeated doses. 2. In rat, dog and monkey, venlafaxine is a high clearance compound with a large volume of distribution after i.v. administration. 3. Absolute bioavailability was low in rat and rhesus monkey (12.6 and 6.5%, respectively) and moderate in dog (59.8%). Other species differences were seen, including an elimination half-life of venlafaxine that was longer in dog and rhesus monkey (2-4 h) than in rodent (around 1 h). 4. In mouse, rat and dog, exposure to venlafaxine increased more than proportionally with dose, suggesting saturation of elimination. Exposure of venlafaxine decreased with repeated dosing in mouse and rat, but was unchanged in dog. 5. Exposure of animals to the bioactive metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), was less than that of venlafaxine itself. ODV was not detected in dog and not measurable in rhesus monkey receiving venlafaxine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8059535&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 5;703(1-2):195-201.
Rapid determination of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
Vu RL, Helmeste D, Albers L, Reist C.
VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for simultaneous measurement of plasma venlafaxine (VEN) and its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) is described. The process begins with the extraction of VEN and ODV, with maprotiline (MAP) as internal standard, from human plasma into an intermediate organic mixture of hexane-isoamyl alcohol and finally into an aqueous solution of 0.05% phosphoric acid. Isocratic separation of VEN, ODV and MAP is carried out by utilizing a reversed-phase butyl-bonded column (C4/E) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 40 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 (50:50, v/v). Detection of VEN, ODV and MAP is done by mean of fluorimetry with excitation and emission wavelengths set at 276 and 598 nm, respectively. As low as 1.0 ng/ml VEN is detectable; while the limit of detection for ODV is 5 ng/ml. C.V. (%) of intra-day samples for both VEN and ODV are less than 10% at three concentrations tested (10.0, 50.0, 100.0 ng/ml). Similarly, over the same nominal concentrations, the precision of inter-day (5 days) samples also results in C.V. (%) smaller than 10% for both compounds, except for ODV measured at 10 ng/ml (C.V.<15%). Approximately, 100% VEN can be extracted from plasma; whereas, for ODV the recovery rate is nearly 70%. This present method is rapid, sensitive, accurate and simple for routine clinical monitoring of plasma VEN and its major metabolite ODV.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9448076&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
Psychosomatics. 1998 Jan-Feb;39(1):14-7.
An open clinical trial of venlafaxine treatment of fibromyalgia.
Dwight MM, Arnold LM, O'Brien H, Metzger R, Morris-Park E, Keck PE Jr.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Of 15 patients with fibromyalgia who were first evaluated for the presence of Axis I psychiatric diagnoses by use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, 11 completed an open 8-week trial with the novel antidepressant venlafaxine. Six (55%) of 11 completers experienced a > or = 50% reduction of fibromyalgia symptoms. The presence of lifetime psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive and anxiety disorders, predicted a positive response to venlafaxine. These findings suggest that it is important to assess for comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with fibromyalgia and that venlafaxine may be helpful to some of these patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9538670&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Tramadol ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics