Drugs online research references
Life Sci. 2003 Sep 26;73(19):2433-42.
Effects of venlafaxine on extracellular 5-HT, dopamine and noradrenaline in the hippocampus and on peripheral hormone concentrations in the rat in vivo.
Piacentini MF, Clinckers R, Meeusen R, Sarre S, Ebinger G, Michotte Y.
Department of Human Physiology and Sportsmedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
The purpose of the present study was to study the effect of an acute dose of the serotonin (5-HT) - noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine on extracellular concentrations of 5-HT, NA and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus and on the peripheral hormone concentrations in freely moving rats. Blood obtained from a catheter placed in the vena femoralis was analyzed for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), beta-endorphins, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Collections are referred to pre and post injection of 20 mg/kg of venlafaxine. Extracellular hippocampal NA and 5-HT as determined with in vivo microdialysis increased significantly after drug injection. PRL and ACTH were significantly affected by the drug. At the selected dose venlafaxine is able to increase the release of 5-HT but also of NA in rat hippocampus. Due to the dual reuptake properties of the drug and the functional interconnection of the NA and the 5-HT systems, the observed effects on peripheral hormones are possibly mediated by a combined action of these 2 systems.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12954452&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct 15;54(8):840-6.
Differential enhancement of antidepressant penetration into the brain in mice with abcb1ab (mdr1ab) P-glycoprotein gene disruption.
Uhr M, Grauer MT, Holsboer F.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany.
BACKGROUND: Mice with a genetic disruption (knockout) of the multiple drug resistance (abcb1ab) gene were used to examine the effect of the absence of the drug-transporting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier on the uptake of the antidepressants venlafaxine, paroxetine, mirtazapine, and doxepin and its metabolites into the brain. METHODS: One hour after subcutaneous injection of venlafaxine, paroxetine, mirtazapine, or doxepin, knockout and wildtype mice were sacrificed, and the drug concentrations in brain, spleen, kidney, liver, and plasma were measured. RESULTS: The cerebrum concentrations of doxepin, venlafaxine, and paroxetine were higher in knockout mice, demonstrating that these substances are substrates of P-gp and that abcb1ab activity at the level of the blood-brain barrier reduces the penetration of these substances into the brain. In contrast, brain distribution of mirtazapine was indistinguishable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The differences reported here in brain penetration of antidepressant drugs that depend on the presence of the abcb1ab gene may offer an explanation for poor or nonresponse to antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, they may be able to explain in part the discrepancies between plasma levels of an antidepressant and its clinical effects and side effects.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14550684&dopt=Abstract
kwd match effexor online literature
msx.upmc.edu
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature evaluating venlafaxine for the treatment of hot flashes. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE (1966-August 2002), PubMed, Harrison's Online, and references of reviewed articles. Key terms used were venlafaxine, Effexor, hot flashes, and vasomotor symptoms. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not all patients experiencing hot flashes are candidates for traditional hormonal therapy. Nonhormonal alternatives have long been explored, but conflicting evidence of efficacy exists. CONCLUSIONS: Venlafaxine is an effective nonhormonal alternative for relief from uncontrolled hot flashes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14565812&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
kwd match effexor online literature
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Tramadol ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics