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BJU Int. 2001 Nov;88(7):771-5.
The effects of a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor on the urethra: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Bae JH, Moon DG, Lee JG.

Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine) on urethral perfusion pressure (UPP) in rabbits and rats, and thus assess its therapeutic potential for treating stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Strips of bladder and proximal urethra were prepared from female New Zealand White rabbits. Each strip was electrically stimulated and the contractile responses of controls strips compared with those after pretreatment with venlafaxine (100 micromol/L). In separate experiments using 80 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g), changes in intravesical pressure and UPP after the intra-arterial and intra-urethral administration of phenylephrine, phentolamine, fluoxetine and venlafaxine were monitored using double-lumen catheters. RESULTS: Pretreatment with venlafaxine significantly decreased the contraction of bladder strips (P=0.01) and significantly increased the contraction of urethral strips (P=0.008). In vivo, phenylephrine administered by both routes significantly increased UPP (P=0.02); phentolamine (arterial) significantly decreased UPP (P=0.001); fluoxetine (arterial) had no effect on UPP, and venlafaxine (both routes) significantly increased UPP (both P<0.001). The intravesical pressure was not changed significantly in any animal. CONCLUSIONS: Venlafaxine effectively increased UPP both in vitro and in vivo; these results imply that venlafaxine may be useful for treating stress urinary incontinence, by increasing the UPP.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11890252&dopt=Abstract

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Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;17(3):231-7.
Hyponatraemia in elderly psychiatric patients treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and venlafaxine: a retrospective controlled study in an inpatient unit.

Kirby D, Harrigan S, Ames D.

Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hyponatraemia associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and venlafaxine use in elderly patients compared to that in elderly patients not prescribed these drugs, while controlling for age, sex, depression status and illnesses or prescribed medications also associated with hyponatraemia. Design and setting Retrospective controlled analysis in a 36-bed inpatient unit for elderly psychiatric patients in Melbourne. PATIENTS: Inpatients (199) with a mean age of 74.2 years of whom 74 were prescribed an SSRI or venlafaxine. RESULTS: Patients on SSRIs or venlafaxine were 5.6 times as likely as patients not so treated to have hyponatraemia. Thirty-nine percent of patients on an SSRI or venlafaxine had hyponatraemia compared with 10% of controls. Ten of the 14 patients on venlafaxine were hyponatraemic. Controlling for thiazide status did not reduce the odds of these patients having hyponatraemia and taking an SSRI or venlafaxine was still strongly associated with hyponatraemia after also controlling for age, sex, and depression status, consumption of other drugs potentially causative of hyponatraemia and medical illness severity (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.5, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: SSRI and venlafaxine use is strongly associated with the presence of hyponatraemia in a population of elderly psychiatric inpatients and the association is not due to confounding by age, sex, depression status, medical illness severity or consumption of other drugs. Elderly patients on SSRIs or venlfaxine should have sodium levels checked before and after commencement of antidepressant treatment. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11921151&dopt=Abstract

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Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;47(2):174-80.
Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting: a study of bupropion, moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine.

Vanderkooy JD, Kennedy SH, Bagby RM.

Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

OBJECTIVE: There is no commonly accepted standard for comparing antidepressant-induced side effects. This study evaluates a clinician-administered scale, the Toronto Side Effect Scale (TSES), in a natural practice clinic. METHOD: We used the TSES to assess side effects in 193 depression patients who completed 8 weeks of treatment with either bupropion, moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, or venlafaxine. RESULTS: Rates of remission (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD] < 7) did not differ across drugs after 8 weeks of treatment. Paired drug comparisons yielded significant differences in 16 of the 32 side effects. We present differences between pairs of the 5 antidepressants in Central Nervous System (CNS), gastrointestinal (GI), and sexual side effects. A measure of side-effect intensity distinguished paroxetine from the other antidepressants on a measure of sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the clinical utility of the TSES as a simple, clinician-administered antidepressant side-effect scale.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11926080&dopt=Abstract

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