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yamanouchi.co.jp
The effects of acute treatment with (S)-2-[[(7-fluoroindan-4-yl)oxy]methyl]morpholine monohydrochloride (YM992), venlafaxine, fluoxetine and citalopram on extracellular norepinephrine levels were examined in the rat frontal cortex by in vivo microdialysis. YM992 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently increased extracellular norepinephrine levels (3-fold at 10 mg/kg, 5. 5-fold at 30 mg/kg). While venlafaxine and 30 mg/kg fluoxetine also produced significant increases in norepinephrine levels, 30 mg/kg citalopram had no effect. The combined administration of MDL100,907 (a selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist) and citalopram did significantly increase norepinephrine levels compared with either saline or citalopram treatment. Therefore, a synergistic effect due to 5-HT reuptake inhibition and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism of YM992 may partly contribute to the increase of extracellular norepinephrine levels. YM992 enhances the neurotransmission of not only 5-HT system but also norepinephrine, and as such may have a preclinical profile different from that of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10781670&dopt=Abstract
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kumc.edu
BACKGROUND: Indirect evidence suggests that the antidepressant venlafaxine hydrochloride selectively inhibits serotonin (5-HT) uptake at low doses, whereas at high doses, it inhibits both 5-HT and norepinephrine (NE) uptake. We hypothesized that, in vivo, both high and low doses would inhibit the 5-HT uptake of platelets but that the higher dose would differentially blunt the pressor response to tyramine, a marker for NE uptake. METHODS: Healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years received either 75 mg or 375 mg of venlafaxine hydrochloride per day, the 5-HT uptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride (50 mg/d), or the NE uptake inhibitor maprotiline hydrochloride (150 mg/d) (n = 8 for each of 4 treatment groups). Changes in platelet 5-HT uptake and the pressor response to intravenous tyramine were assessed following the initial dose and after 1 and 2 weeks of drug administration. RESULTS: Platelet 5-HT uptake was inhibited by venlafaxine across the dose range and by sertraline but not maprotiline. Inhibition was competitive, related to increases in affinity and not related to capacity. Steady-state drug levels were associated with a 5-HT uptake inhibition of 87% or more in subjects taking venlafaxine or sertraline. The pressor response to tyramine differentially distinguished maprotiline from sertraline and the low dose of venlafaxine but not from the high dose of venlafaxine. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first in vivo evidence in healthy humans that both 5-HT uptake and NE uptake inhibition are mechanisms of action sequentially engaged by venlafaxine over its clinically relevant dose range.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10807491&dopt=Abstract
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Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Nov;49(448):892-6.
Newer antidepressants: a comparison of tolerability in general practice.
Mackay FR, Dunn NR, Martin RM, Pearce GL, Freemantle SN, Mann RD.
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of antidepressants have been released on the United Kingdom market in recent years, and these are being prescribed more frequently in general practice. Clinical trials suggest that such agents have similar efficacy and the choice of drug is probably based on tolerability, toxicity in overdose, and cost. AIM: To compare the tolerability and safety profile of six, newly marketed antidepressants used in general practice. METHOD: Studies have been conducted for six antidepressants: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, moclobemide, venlafaxine, and nefazodone, using the technique of prescription-event monitoring. Patients were identified using incident dispensed prescription data. Questionnaires were sent to patients' general practitioners six months after the date of first prescription. Questionnaires asked for date of birth, sex, indication for prescribing each drug, and all events entered in the patients' records after the date of first prescription. RESULTS: Each cohort exceeded 10,000 patients. Nausea/vomiting was the most frequently reported event for all drugs. The difference in incidence rates for drowsiness/sedation, male sexual dysfunction, and hypertension is shown. Mortality data are also reported. CONCLUSION: Frequently reported events were similar for all six drugs but there were clinically and statistically significant differences for less frequently reported events. The adjusted mortality rate was identical between the six drugs. This study provides valuable comparative data for six, widely used antidepressants in general practice.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10818655&dopt=Abstract
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