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Drugs online research references

Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1996;381(2):88-94.
[Modification of phagocytic microbicide function by antifungal agents--measuring luminol enhanced chemoluminescence in full blood]

[Article in German]

Wilhelm L, Wilhelm E, Thomas H, Bernhardt H.

Klinik fur Chirurgie, Greifswald.

Fungus infections are becoming more important in surgical intensive medicine, and various preparations are now available to treat them. The goal of our investigations was to determine the influence of the antimycotics in current use on the microbicide phagocytic function by measuring chemiluminescence. To this end the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in whole blood samples from a total of 29 healthy donors was measured with a LKB 1251 Luminometer after stimulation with zymosan or a Canadida albicans preparation. We tested the substances amphotericin B, flucytosin (Ancotil), fluconazol (Diflucan) and itraconazol (Sempera), each in three different concentrations within the recommended dose range and compared the results with those in an untreated sample. For the insertions of amphotericin B or intraconazol after zymosan stimulation no significant differences in the measurements were found (50.84 vs 47.99 mV and 46.10 vs 47.89 mV) compared with the blank test. Similar situations revealed by the tests with C. albicans administration (15.21 vs 12.35 mV and 11.16 vs 11.91 mV). However, the tests with flucytosin in the higher concentration range, after stimulation with either zymosan or C. albicans, evidenced a significant reduction in the measurements (34.70 vs 52.74 mV, P<0.005, and 10.98 vs 14.57 mV, P<0.01). The tests with fluconazol showed a decrease of the chemiluminescence exclusively for the highest concentration in the C. albicans group (14.36 vs 17.20 mV, P<0.005). Our results indicate a negative influence of the phagocytes on the oxidative metabolism especially with flucytosin in the higher concentrations. This emphatically confirms demands for exact indications and dosage of antimycotics and their correct administration.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8649130&dopt=Abstract

umich.edu

OBJECTIVE: To determine the physical compatibility and chemical stability of tacrolimus injection and fluconazole injection combined in a range of concentrations used clinically for intravenous Y-site co-administration over 3 hours. DESIGN: Tacrolimus injection (Prograf) was combined with fluconazole injection (Diflucan) in volumetric glass flasks at room temperature (23 degrees C to 25 degrees C) to form final concentrations of 5 or 20 micrograms/mL and 500 or 1,500 micrograms/mL, respectively. Immediately after preparation and at 1.5 and 3 hours, triplicate samples and controls were visually inspected and assayed in duplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography; pH of the samples was also determined. SETTING: University of Michigan College of Pharmacy. PATIENTS: Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Initial and subsequent concentrations of tacrolimus and fluconazole at 1.5 and 3 hours. RESULTS: More than 99% of the initial concentration of each drug remained in all samples throughout the study period. There was no color change, and the pH of the samples did not change appreciably. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus and fluconazole are stable and compatible in a range of clinically used concentrations for 3 hours and can be intravenously co-administered through a Y-site.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10467814&dopt=Abstract

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2000 Jun;129(6):601-4.
Yeast fungi in patients with allergic diseases: species variety and sensitivity to antifungal drugs.

Arzumanyan VG, Magarshak OO, Semenov BF.

I. I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.

Yeast microflora was studied in the skin of 91 patients with atopic dermatitis, in bronchial secretion of 13 patients with bronchial asthma and 8 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. Forty-eight isolates were obtained. Alypophilic yeast fungi isolated from the skin were presented mainly by genera Candida spp. (48%) and Rhodotorula spp. (29%), while the cultures isolated from bronchial secretion mainly by Candida albicans. The sensitivity of yeast cultures to the antifungal drugs diflucan, clotrimazole, nizoral, orungal, exoderil, levorin, pymafuzin, and nitrofungin was determined. The most efficient drugs were diflucan, clotrimazole, nizoral, and orungal. More than half isolates were sensitive only to the high concentrations of levorin (48%), pymafuzin (75%), and nitrofungin (82%); 64% isolates were insensitive even to high concentrations of exoderil. Preliminary in vitro selection of the antifungal drugs is required for efficient elimination of the yeasts.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11022261&dopt=Abstract

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