Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1993 Jan;264(1 Pt 1):G126-36.
HCO3- reduces paracellular permeability of guinea pig duodenal mucosa by a Ca2+ (prostaglandin)-dependent action.
Macherey HJ, Sprakties G, Petersen KU.
Institut fur Pharmakologie, Medizinischen Fakultat, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany.
The mechanism of HCO3(-)-induced decrease in electrical conductance (Gt) of guinea pig duodenal mucosa was investigated in vitro. Gt and unidirectional fluxes of mannitol (M), Na+, and Cl- were straightly correlated. In the presence of HCO3- (20 mM), elevating the bath concentration of Ca2+ from 0 to 1.2 mM caused decreases in Gt and Na+ fluxes by approximately 30%. Smaller reductions were found in the absence of HCO-3. With the addition of Ca2+, Gt and unidirectional fluxes were lower with than without HCO3-. In the latter condition, PM/PNa, PM/PCl, and PNa/PCl (P is permeability) were close or equal to ratios predictable from free solution diffusion coefficients; with HCO3-, ratios became different or more different and PM/PNa was reduced. Straightly correlated were conductivities of six differently composed HCO3(-)-free salines and Gt of tissues bathed therein. This correlation did not embrace HCO3- Ringer. The Gt effect of Ca2+ (HCO3- present) was mimicked by prostaglandin E2 and reduced (by approximately 40%) by Ca2+ channel blockers (diltiazem, gallopamil), cyclooxygenase inhibitors (meclofenamate, diclofenac), cytochalasin D, and trifluoperazine. We conclude that without HCO3-, paracellular solute flow occurs mainly via structures resembling a free-solution shunt; HCO3-, through an action made more efficient by Ca(2+)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis and possibly involving microfilaments, strengthens a discriminatory barrier.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8430795&dopt=Abstract
Harefuah. 1996 Nov 1;131(9):300-3, 374.
[Anterior vaginal wall and pelvic floor sling for stress incontinence]
[Article in Hebrew]
Abarbanel J, Lask D, Mukamel E.
Dept. of Urology, Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tikva.
There is considerable doubt as to whether the intra-abdominal position of the urethra is the critical factor in maintenance of continence. Recent studies have suggested that a firm, supportive, suburethral layer is required for urethral closure during effort. The surgical procedure we describe is performed by vaginal approach and involves creation of a sling from the vaginal wall and underlying musculofascial layer, that provides compression and support for the urethra and resuspends the bladder neck. 20 women (37-70 years, mean 48.4) with severe stress incontinence (average of 5 wet pads per day) underwent the sling procedure between October 1994 and July 1995. 10/20 had had previous pelvic surgery (6 anti-incontinence procedures and 4 hysterectomies). 3/20 had intrinsic sphincter dysfunction and the rest a hypermobile urethra. The surgical technique was easily performed. Postoperative complications were minimal, and included blood transfusion in 3 and in 5 suprapubic pain which subsided spontaneously or after oral diclofenac. The cystostomy was closed after 10.5 days (range 3-49) when voiding resumed and urine residual became less than 60 ml. The median follow-up was 9.4 months (range 3-12). All patients were cured and satisfied. 2/20 reported onset of urge incontinence which was found urodynamically to be de-novo detrusor instability due to urethral obstruction. On the other hand, all 3 patients with associated urge incontinence reported its disappearance postoperatively. These results are encouraging and this surgical procedure seems to provide a good solution for all types and grades of stress incontinence. Long-term follow-up is required to determine persistence of the good results.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8981794&dopt=Abstract
Peptides. 1989 Mar-Apr;10(2):447-52.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide increases in the dorsal root ganglia of adjuvant arthritic rat.
Kuraishi Y, Nanayama T, Ohno H, Fujii N, Otaka A, Yajima H, Satoh M.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
We examined the effect of adjuvant arthritis on the content of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) in the dorsal root ganglia at L4-L6 levels and the spinal cord at a lumbar level in rats. Arthritis was induced by inoculating adjuvant into both hind-paws twice at a 10 day interval. In the arthritic rats 15 days after the first inoculation (day 15), the content of iCGRP was significantly increased in the dorsal root ganglia, with no change in the dorsal and ventral horns. The content in the dorsal root ganglia was still high on day 26 and had decreased by day 40. An intrathecal injection of colchicine (0.2 mg, 18 hr before killing) enhanced the increase of iCGRP in the dorsal root ganglia and decreased it in the dorsal horn of arthritic rats, although in noninoculated rats such treatment produced no significant changes in the content of iCGRP in both regions. The arthritis-induced increase in the content of iCGRP in the dorsal root ganglia was significantly reduced after treatment with the antiinflammatory analgesic, diclofenac sodium, in a dose of 3 mg/kg/day, PO for 10 days. Swelling and hyperalgesia in the hind-paw were depressed after such treatment. These results suggest that adjuvant arthritis with long-lasting inflammation with pain facilitates the turnover, especially biosynthesis, of CGRP in primary afferent neurons.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2787910&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics