Drugs online research references
Arzneimittelforschung. 1990 Oct;40(10):1117-24.
Assessment of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in animal models.
Hiramatsu Y, Akita S, Salamin PA, Maier R.
Research Institute of Drug Safety, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
Four commercial gel preparations of topical anti-inflammatory agents have been assessed in six animal models commonly used to determine the biological activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for systemic administration. Only UV-induced erythema of the skin, adjuvant induced arthritis and the measurement of vascular permeability proved suitable for differentiation of the potency of the four topical agents. Carrageenin-induced paw oedema, the cotton pellet test and the assessment of the pain threshold according to Randall and Selitto were of little value. The effects of the gel preparation of diclofenac (CAS 15307-86-5) diethylammonium (Voltaren Emulgel) were comparable to two preparations containing 1% and 5% active ingredient, respectively. Gel 4 showed low overall activity. The experiments demonstrated that some of the models used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory agent for systemic administration proved suitable for the testing of topical preparations and that percutaneous absorption was insufficient to elicit anti-inflammatory effect in the animals at sites remote from the site of application.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2291749&dopt=Abstract
Pain. 1990 Apr;41(1):71-80.
Central effect of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, determined in C fibre-evoked activity in single neurones of the rat thalamus.
Jurna I, Brune K.
Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, F.R.G.
This study aimed to investigate if the non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, are capable of depressing sensory responses of the nociceptive system by a central action. For this purpose, experiments were carried out on rats under urethane anaesthesia in which activity was elicited by electrical stimulation of afferent C fibres in the sural nerve. Recordings were made ipsi- or contralaterally from single neurones in the dorsomedial part of the ventral nucleus (VDM) of the thalamus. The 3 drugs produced a dose-dependent depression of the evoked activity which amounted to about 60% of the controls at the highest doses employed and lasted longer than 60 min. Their potency ranking, according to the ED50 values (in brackets), is: indomethacin (5 mg/kg) greater than diclofenac (10.9 mg/kg) greater than ibuprofen (15.6 mg/kg). The results suggest that a central action might contribute to the analgesia produced by these non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2352767&dopt=Abstract
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1980 Sep;76(6):525-31.
[Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis and release (author's transl)]
[Article in Japanese]
Takeuchi K, Inazu N, Hasegawa N, Yoshida Y, Yamada K, Kogo H, Aizawa Y.
Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)on the synthesis and release of prostaglandin (PG) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. In the experiment with PG synthetase from beef seminal vesicle, the potency of NSAID on the inhibitory action of PGE synthesis was: flurbiprofen greater than 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid (CH-800) greater than indomethacin greater than diclofenac-NA greater than aspirin. Inflamed synovial tissue, as induced 6 hours after carrageenin injection into the knee joint cavity of rats was used to examine the inhibitory action of NSAID on PGE release from the tissue. Both in vivo and in vitro, CH-800 was the most potent and flurbiprofen and indomethacin were next potent of the five drugs. Effects of NSAID on the excretion of PGE and PG main urinary metabolite (PGMUM) in rat urine were determined. The excretion of urinary PGE was significantly decreased by administration of NSAID. Flurbiprofen and CH-800 had the most potent inhibitory action on the excretion of PGEMUM, but the urinary excretion of PGFMUM was not significantly inhibited by NSAID. Thus, the inhibitory effects of NSAID associated with PG synthesis were generally in proportion to the effect of the drugs with PG synthetase, however, there were differences regarding PG synthesis in inflamed tissue and the urinary excretion of PG metabolites.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6781993&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics