Drugs online research references
Drug Des Discov. 1991 Dec;8(2):137-44.
Combined effect of cyclic monoterpenes and ethanol on percutaneous absorption of diclofenac sodium.
Obata Y, Takayama K, Machida Y, Nagai T.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
The combined effect of cyclic monoterpenes and ethanol on the percutaneous absorption of diclofenac sodium (DFS) from gel ointments was investigated in vivo in rats. The enhancing activity of terpenes was significantly affected by the concentration of ethanol formulated in the gel ointments. At a lower concentration of ethanol (20%), 1,8-cineole was observed to be the most effective. On the other hand, d-limonene showed strong activity when the large amount of ethanol was formulated (40%). A synergistic effect between terpenes and ethanol on the percutaneous absorption of DFS was significantly observed in cases of 1,8-cineole and l-menthol using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the diclofenac (DF) free form was formulated in gel ointment, the percutaneous absorption was significantly reduced. The reduction of the percutaneous absorption was closely related to the decrease in pH of the gel ointment owing to the free form of DF which was formulated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1793775&dopt=Abstract
Pain. 1992 Mar;48(3):401-2.
Diclofenac does not modify morphine bioavailability in cancer patients.
De Conno F, Ripamonti C, Bianchi M, Ventafridda V, Panerai AE.
Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Division, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
We determined morphine plasma concentrations in 6 cancer patients before and with administration of diclofenac for 5 days. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug does not modify morphine bioavailability. This observation suggests that diclofenac can be used in association with morphine during cancer pain treatment, without increasing the risk of overdosage or side effects of the opiate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1594262&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1988;77:13-22.
The influence of NSAIDs on morphology of articular cartilage.
Kalbhen DA.
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, FRG.
A large number of experimental data have given evidence that many NSAIDs can inhibit the synthetic processes of connective tissue in-vitro and ex-vivo. During the past 18 years we have investigated the in-vivo effect of antirheumatic drugs on knee joint cartilage using rats and hens. Single or once-weekly intraarticular injections of salicylates, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, naproxen, ibuprofen, clofezone, fufenamic acid, niflumic acid, or dexamethasone induced morphological alterations in the joint cartilage and subchondral bone, which were demonstrable by means of histology, stereoelectron-microscopy, biochemistry and X-ray. The cartilage of these laboratory animals had a faster turnover compared to man, and the degenerative and destructive processes occurred within 8-12 weeks and were identical or very similar to osteoarthritis in man. In contrast to the general opinion that all NSAIDs possess more or less the same pharmacological properties, the influence of these drugs on articular cartilage was, surprisingly, quite different. In our animal experiments we found that comparable doses between NSAIDs, such as fenbufen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, and tiaprofenic acid, did not induce any degenerative processes in cartilage and subchondral bone in-vivo. A documentation of our radiographical, macroscopical and histomorphological results demonstrated the pronounced differences between NSAIDs on joint tissue. Our experimental data suggested that in the pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis a specific selection of NSAIDs between those with catabolic and those with non-catabolic characteristics in regard to connective tissue metabolism was important and beneficial.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3238371&dopt=Abstract
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