Drugs online research references
Infection. 1992 Nov-Dec;20(6):324-7.
Transintestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin in humans--concomitant assessment of its metabolites in serum, ileum and colon.
Viell B, Krause B, Vestweber KH, Schaaf S, Scholl H.
Chirurgischer Lehrstuhl, Universitat Koln, Germany.
Ciprofloxacin (200 mg) was infused to seven patients at the beginning of elective colorectal surgery. Thirty minutes after the end of infusion (i.e. 60 min after the start of the operation) ciprofloxacin reached concentrations of 1.60 mg/l in serum and of 3.42-6.07 mg/kg fresh weight in the ileum and colon. During the next 30 min (90 min after the start of operation) the concentration of ciprofloxacin in serum decreased to 86% of its initial level, but this decrease was less rapid than that observed in the ileal (to 56.8%) or colonic (to 74.8%) mucosa. Three metabolites could be identified (desethylen-, sulpho-, oxociprofloxacin). Initially, at 60 min the amount of these metabolites was about 15% of the total drug concentration in serum, but only 2-3% of that in the gut tissues. At 90 min the relative amount of metabolites was increased in serum as well as in the gut tissues. It is concluded that transintestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin is a general feature of the whole gut. Obviously, the elimination process is not due to degradation of ciprofloxacin within the gut wall.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1293050&dopt=Abstract
Ophthalmology. 1992 Apr;99(4):483-6.
Intravitreal penetration of oral ciprofloxacin in humans.
el Baba FZ, Trousdale MD, Gauderman WJ, Wagner DG, Liggett PE.
Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles.
Nineteen patients about to undergo elective vitreous surgery received 1 oral dose of 750 mg of ciprofloxacin before surgery. Specimens of serum and vitreous were collected 90 minutes to 18 hours after drug administration and were assayed for antibiotic content with a microbiologic disk agar technique. From 4 hours and 50 minutes to 16 hours and 50 minutes after a single oral dose, ciprofloxacin reached intravitreal levels above its minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus species, and Enterobacteriaceae. However, intravitreal levels never exceeded the MIC90 for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1584563&dopt=Abstract
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 May;39(5):436-41.
[Intra-macrophagic activity of antibiotics combinations against Mycobacterium marinum]
[Article in French]
Gevaudan MJ, Bollet C, Mallet MN, de Micco P.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hopital Salvator, Marseille.
Fourteen strains of Mycobacterium marinum were isolated from patients with granulomatous skin lesion. All the strains were resistant to isoniazid and pyrazinamid and five resistant to rifampicin. The following antibiotics are used alone or in combination: ethambutol, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, minocyclin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations are evaluated using agar dilution method. After what, activity of antibiotics against Mycobacterium marinum strains within human macrophages in investigated. After treating the monolayers at 24 and 96 h, a bactericidal effect is observed with rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin, clarithromycin and minocyclin. Combinations of ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin or clarithromycin with ethambutol and rifabutin produced synergistic effect.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1652732&dopt=Abstract
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