Drugs online research references
Arzneimittelforschung. 1985;35(10):1600-3.
Influence of ciprofloxacin on the ultrastructure of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Voigt WH, Zeiler HJ.
Killing curves were performed in pooled active human serum using serum resistant Escherichia coli C14, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 and Staphylococcus aureus 25151 as test organisms. Ciprofloxacin (a quinoline-carboxylic acid derivative, Bay o 9867) was added in concentrations of 0.025-4.0 micrograms/ml. Samples were taken at different times to determine the number of viable bacteria and to prepare specimens for transmission electron microscopy. The following drug concentration-dependent results were obtained: In the early phase of the bactericidal process in Escherichia coli C14 distinct loosenings of the peripheral cytoplasm occurred. With Pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 osmiophilic condensations were detected in the less dense areas where the bacterial DNA may be located. At low concentrations, elongation of gram-negative bacterial cells was observed, whereas at higher concentrations rupture and lysis occurred. In staphylococci, severe disturbances of septum formation and surface deformations could be found; in the final stage proteolysis and empty envelopes were observed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2934069&dopt=Abstract
Orthopedics. 1988 Sep;11(9):1285-9.
The effect of anaerobiosis on antistaphylococcal antibiotics.
Tsukayama DT, Guay DR, Gustilo RB, Wicklund B, Gruninger R, Peterson PK.
Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415.
The activity of eight antimicrobial agents which might be used in the treatment of staphylococcal osteomyelitis was tested under anaerobic conditions similar to those found in chronically infected bone. An agar-dilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of tobramycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 25 coagulase-positive and 25 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains. The activity of tobramycin against coagulase-positive staphylococci, and of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid against coagulase-negative staphylococci was markedly decreased with anaerobiosis. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ciprofloxacin were active against coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was also found that antibiotic concentrations comparable to the high levels which might be achieved with local antibiotic therapy of osteomyelitis were not sufficient to overcome the level of resistance (100 micrograms/ml) of staphylococci which were not susceptible to tobramycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2971930&dopt=Abstract
Pharm Weekbl Sci. 1987 Dec 11;9 Suppl:S23-5.
Influence of haemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin.
Samsom JP.
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Bonifatius Hospitaal, The Netherlands.
The elimination of ciprofloxacin from serum was studied in 16 patients (10 F, 6M, age 44-70 years) with end stage renal disease, treated with haemodialysis. The dosage of ciprofloxacin was 200 mg i.v. given by bolus injection (10 patients) or 250 mg orally (6 patients) on a day without and a day with dialysis (8 hours before dialysis was started). Samples were taken at regular intervals from the arteriovenous shunt and from venous peripheral blood. Concentrations of ciprofloxacin were measured by a biological assay. The mean peak serum levels after 200 mg i.v. were 3.5 mg/l measured 0.5 hour after the gift. After an oral dose of 250 mg the mean peak serum level measured one hour after the gift amounted to 1.5 mg/l. The serum half life was 8.5 h without dialysis and 5.5 h with dialysis. It was calculated from AUC values during dialysis that about 15% of the drug was eliminated by the artificial kidney.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3438149&dopt=Abstract
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