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Eighteen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) samples isolated from patients and the environment in an intensive care unit (ICU) during a routine surveillance were tested for antimicrobial resistance and typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Three pulsed-field patterns were observed. Sixteen were ciprofloxacin resistant and had identical pulsed-field patterns. The results suggested that a ciprofloxacin-resistant MRSA clone had contaminated the environment and spread among patients. This study demonstrates the application of infection control surveillance combined with strain typing in detecting MRSA colonization in the ICU where it was not known to exist.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8940485&dopt=Abstract




J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998 Feb;41(2):163-9.
Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin: in-vitro comparison of meropenem and other antibiotics.

Trautmann M, Zick R, Rukavina T, Cross AS, Marre R.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Germany.

The influence of meropenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, on cell morphology and in-vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release from Escherichia coli was compared with that of imipenem, ceftazidime, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. Free and cell-associated LPS was quantified by means of a capture ELISA method based on the recognition of E. coli LPS by monoclonal antibodies. Microscopically, meropenem was found to induce spheroplast formation similar to that seen with imipenem, while ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin induced filament formation. Free and cell-associated LPS levels were low in the presence of meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, but high in the presence of ceftazidime. Reduced endotoxin release appears to be a common property of carbapenem antibiotics. Morphological changes in bacteria in the presence of antibiotics do not predict their LPS-liberating effect since ciprofloxacin induced low levels of LPS despite causing filament formation.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9533457&dopt=Abstract




Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998 Feb;30(2):135-7.
Timed kill kinetic studies of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Moraxella catarrhalis.

Barrett MS, Jones RN.

Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.

Levofloxacin bactericidal activity was compared to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against 10 strains of Moraxella catarrhalis. The cidal action (by kill-curve analysis) was slightly more rapid for levofloxacin, but all tested fluoroquinolones were considered bactericidal for all strains tested, including those producing BRO-1 and 2 beta-lactamases.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9554182&dopt=Abstract













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