Drugs online research references
Retina. 1993;13(4):326-30.
Clearance and distribution of ciprofloxacin after intravitreal injection.
Pearson PA, Hainsworth DP, Ashton P.
Department of Ophthalmology, Kentucky Clinic, Lexington 40536.
This study was designed to determine the drug concentration and clearance after intravitreal injection of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (100 micrograms/0.1 cc) was injected into the vitreous of normal eyes and into eyes that had undergone lensectomy and vitrectomy. Drug concentration was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis 0.5, 2, 4, and 12 hours after injection. In normal eyes, the elimination half life was 2.2 hours with a distribution volume of 1.2 ml. In aphakic vitrectomized eyes, the half life was 1 hour and the distribution volume was 1.4 ml. The majority of the drug appears to leave via a transretinal route, but clearance was not inhibited by probenecid. Because of the relatively short half life, intravitreal administration of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of endophthalmitis would provide only short-term therapy and would need to be supplemented by other forms of treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8115734&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Mar 4;653(2):187-93.
Simultaneous determination of ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in human hair by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.
Mizuno A, Uematsu T, Nakashima M.
Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in human hair is described. A reversed-phase C18 column and a fluorescence detector with switching fluorescence wavelengths were used together with solid-phase extraction of the drugs from hair dissolved in 1 M sodium hydroxide. Reproducibility and linearity studies yielded coefficients of variation of 0.2-2.2, 1.4-3.1 and 1.5-3.4%, and correlation coefficients of 1.000, 0.999 and 0.999 within the concentration range 0.3-100 ng/ml for ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. For validation, hair samples were obtained from six subjects who had been taking one or two of the three fluoroquinolones. Assuming a hair growth-rate of 1 cm per month fluoroquinolones could be detected in the hair section(s) that had grown approximately between the dates of drug administration and hair sampling.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8205246&dopt=Abstract
J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):218-21.
The intestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin in the rat.
Rubinstein E, St Julien L, Ramon J, Dautrey S, Farinotti R, Huneau JF, Carbon C.
Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, University of Paris, France.
The transepithelial intestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin was studied in a rat model. Two jejunal and one ileal segment, along with their intact blood supplies, were isolated and continuously perfused. Following a single parenteral administration of 25 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, the drug in amounts of 1.97 +/- 0.70, 1.88 +/- 0.99, and 1.44 +/- 0.77 micrograms/cm2 of mucosal surface was recovered over 90 min from the proximal and distal jejunal loops and the ileal loop, respectively, reaching a calculated fraction of 6%-7% of the dose eliminated in the entire small intestine. The rate of intestinal elimination related linearly to the parenteral dose. In the proximal jejunum, however, doses > 25 mg/kg were not accompanied by a concomitant increase in the eliminated fraction, suggesting a saturable transport process. Parenterally administered probenecid, amoxicillin, and nifedipine and changes ranging from 6.0 to 8.5 in the pH of the perfusates did not alter transepithelial elimination. This pathway of elimination of ciprofloxacin may play an important role in curing intestinal infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8277187&dopt=Abstract
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