Drugs online research references
Z Hautkr. 1988 Jan 18;63(1):29-32.
[In vitro effectiveness of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in genital Chlamydia trachomatis isolates measured by minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration]
[Article in German]
Hartinger A, Korting HC, Neubert U, Blaufuss H.
Abteilung fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen.
Although Chlamydia trachomatis is usually susceptible to the most frequently applied chemotherapeutic agents in non-gonococcal urethritis in men and its counterpart in women--i.e., tetracycline and erythromycin--the clinical results are less satisfying than those in comparable gonococcal infections. Therefore, potent therapeutical alternatives are urgently called for. From this point of view, we investigated the in vitro susceptibility of 35 recent isolates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis from Munich to the new quinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. With both chemotherapeutics, the highest minimum inhibitory concentration amounted to 2.0 micrograms/ml; 1.0 micrograms/ml of ofloxacin inhibited 97% of the strains, ciprofloxacin but 57%. The highest minimum bactericidal concentration was 6.0 micrograms/ml. 5.0 micrograms/ml of ciprofloxacin killed all infectious particles in 91% of the strains, the corresponding figure for ofloxacin read 74%. Thus both quinolones of the second generation proved more or less equally effective in vitro. In view of the limited clinical experience gained so far with regard to these chemotherapeutic agents, we suggest further clinical study in this matter.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3162627&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Oct;22(4):457-62.
Sensitivity and resistance of Legionella pneumophila to some antibiotics and combinations of antibiotics.
Moffie BG, Mouton RP.
Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
For the treatment of Legionella pneumophila infections erythromycin and rifampicin are the antibiotics of choice. In view of reported therapy failures other antibiotics, e.g. the quinolones, are currently under investigation. The sensitivity of L. pneumophila to four antibiotics and to combinations of antibiotics was investigated and the rate of mutations was calculated. For 20 L. pneumophila strains we determined the MIC of rifampicin (0.002-0.004 mg/l), erythromycin (0.063-0.125 mg/l), norfloxacin (0.125 mg/l) and ciprofloxacin (0.016-0.032 mg/l). Mutation rates ranged from 1 x 10(-8) for ciprofloxacin to greater than 1 x 10(-7) for erythromycin, resulting in high-level resistance to rifampicin in most strains and erythromycin resistance in one strain, but not in resistance to the quinolones. The combination of erythromycin and rifampicin was synergistic (FIC index less than 0.5) against four of the L. pneumophila strains and showed indifference (FIC index 0.5-2.0) for the remainder (mean FIC index 0.79). Combinations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin and of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin showed only indifference (mean FIC index respectively 1.05 and 1.21). Combining rifampicin with ciprofloxacin was not effective in reducing the number of mutants for either of these antibiotics, whereas the other combinations did prevent this.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3204075&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986 Aug;18(2):251-60.
The antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Legionella species and the treatment of experimental Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs.
Saito A, Koga H, Shigeno H, Watanabe K, Mori K, Kohno S, Shigeno Y, Suzuyama Y, Yamaguchi K, Hirota M, et al.
The antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin was tested against 15 standard reference strains, and 37 clinical and environmental strains of Legionella pneumophila by an agar dilution method, using a new growth medium (B-SYE agar) which we devised. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin were found to be inoculum dependent, and ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 mg/l at 10(4) cfu inoculum and 0.02 by 0.125 mg/l at 10(6) cfu inoculum. The most potent antibacterial activity was shown by rifampicin, followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin and pipemidic acid in that order. The therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin in experimental guinea pig pneumonia due to L. pneumophila was fairly good with a survival rate of 80%. From other data of ours, its effectiveness in experimental pneumonia was equal to or greater than that of erythromycin. Further studies would be appropriate to investigate the possibility of using ciprofloxacin for the treatment of human L. pneumophila infection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3759736&dopt=Abstract
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