Drugs online research references
Lancet. 1986 Apr 12;1(8485):819-22.
Oral ciprofloxacin therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Scully BE, Neu HC, Parry MF, Mandell W.
The efficacy and safety of oral ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, were evaluated in the treatment of infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 96 infections in 71 patients were treated. Substantial underlying disease was present in most of the patients, and 25 (35%) were seriously ill. 52% of pseudomonas isolates were carbenicillin-resistant, and 31% gentamicin-resistant. The overall clinical response rate was 77%-28 of 35 exacerbations of cystic fibrosis respiratory disease, 17 of 19 urinary infections, 4 of 6 osteomyelitis, and 11 of 15 soft tissue infections. The bacteriological cure rate was 34%-0 of 35 cystic fibrosis, 4 of 17 respiratory infections, 17 of 19 urinary infections, 4 of 6 osteomyelitis, and 8 of 15 soft tissue infections. Ps aeruginosa developed resistance to ciprofloxacin in 25 of 96 infections. Side-effects were generally slight with nausea in 14 (15%) the most common, and there were only two substantial superinfections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2870313&dopt=Abstract
Pharm Weekbl Sci. 1986 Feb 21;8(1):79-84.
Quantitative determination of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin in serum by high pressure liquid chromatography.
Groeneveld AJ, Brouwers JR.
A simple sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in serum is described. The quinolones were extracted using dichloromethane under neutral conditions, followed by drying under nitrogen and dissolving in mobile phase before chromatographic analysis. The stationary phase consisted of a stainless steel column with Nucleosil CI8 (5 microns), and a mobile phase of 0.04 M phosphoric acid, tetrabutylammoniumiodide as ion-pairing reagent and methanol (pH 2.2). UV absorbance was used for detection. The method was shown to be linear, quantitative and reproducible in the therapeutic range of each of these quinolones. Serum levels of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined and compared to those found by a microbiological assay. Good correlation was found for the assay of ciprofloxacin as well as for ofloxacin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2938073&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Sep;22 Suppl C:1-8.
Bactericidal mechanisms of ofloxacin.
Lewin CS, Smith JT.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK.
Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are known to exert a second bactericidal mechanism (termed B) against Escherichia coli which functions even when protein synthesis is inhibited by chloramphenicol or when RNA synthesis is inhibited by rifampicin. However, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (Staphylococcus warneri) was found to be abolished by chloramphenicol so the 4-quinolone does not exert mechanism B against this species. On the other hand, ofloxacin did exhibit mechanism B against S. warneri because the drug remained bactericidal in the presence of chloramphenicol. When S. aureus was investigated results similar to those observed in S. warneri were obtained throughout the range of clinically achievable concentrations of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Ofloxacin seems to exhibit mechanism B against the staphylococci while ciprofloxacin does not. This may explain why ciprofloxacin is more potent than ofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria but against staphylococci both drugs are equipotent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3053574&dopt=Abstract
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