Drugs online research references
Mikrobiyol Bul. 1993 Jan;27(1):31-5.
[In vitro activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains]
[Article in Turkish]
Aysev AD.
Ataturk Gogus Hastaliklari Hastanesi, Bakteriyoloji Laboratuvari.
The activity of Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against 50 strains of M. tuberculosis were investigated in-vitro on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC90) of Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin were found 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. There were no difference in susceptibility to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin between strains which were susceptible or resistant to Standard Anti-tubercular drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8421440&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Nov;32(11):1735-7.
In vitro activities of ofloxacin and four other new quinoline-carboxylic acids against Chlamydia trachomatis.
Nagayama A, Nakao T, Taen H.
Department of Microbiology, Saga Medical School, Japan.
The in vitro activities of five new quinoline-carboxylic acids against 2 reference strains and 45 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis of genital origin were compared with the activities of minocycline and doxycycline. Ofloxacin was the third most active agent (after the two tetracyclines), followed by ciprofloxacin, NY-198, and AM-833.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3150916&dopt=Abstract
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1998 Apr;10(1):31-8.
Urinary bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of enoxacin versus norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose.
Well M, Naber KG, Kinzig-Schippers M, Sorgel F.
Urologic Clinic, Klinikum St. Elisabeth Hospital, Straubing, Germany.
In an open, randomised monocentric crossover study in six male and six female healthy volunteers, the urinary antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of enoxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were assessed. Urine was collected up to 6 days, and venous blood samples up to 12 h, after a single oral dose of 400 mg enoxacin, 400 mg norfloxacin and 500 mg ciprofloxacin. Enoxacin (250 mg/l) demonstrated the highest peak concentration (median) in the urine (0-6 h), followed by ciprofloxacin (237 mg/l) and norfloxacin (157 mg/l) as determined by the HPLC assay. The total amount (mean) excreted by the kidneys as parent drugs were as follows: enoxacin 54% of dose, ciprofloxacin 33% of dose, and norfloxacin 22% of dose. The mean plasma concentrations decreased from 1 to 4 h after administration for enoxacin from 1.9 to 1.4 mg/l, for ciprofloxacin from 2.0 to 0.8 mg/l and for norfloxacin from 1.3 to 0.5 mg/l. The antibacterial activity in urine was determined as urinary bactericidal titers (UBT), i.e. the highest 2-fold dilution of urine still bactericidal for the reference organism (E. coli ATCC 25,922) and for five uropathogens with minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations ranging from highly susceptible to resistant cultured from the urine of patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). For the E. coli ATCC 25,922, the organism with the lowest MIC, median UBTs of ciprofloxacin were present for 4 days, decreasing from 1:512 to 1:2, that of enoxacin for 2 days, decreasing from 1:256 to 1:4, and that of norfloxacin for 2 days, decreasing from 1:128 to 1:2. For the five uropathogens (with increasing MICs: K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. coli (resistant to nalidixic acid), P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis), the UBTs decreased in general, according to MICs, demonstrating the same relations of UBTs for ciprofloxacin (highest) versus enoxacin (medium) versus norfloxacin (lowest) with one exception (P. mirabilis) for which norfloxacin showed higher UBTs than enoxacin. The minimal urinary bactericidal concentrations (MUBC), as derived from urinary concentrations, and UBTs showed a fairly wide inter- and intraindividual range and were generally higher than the corresponding MBCs as determined in Mueller Hinton broth. In conclusion, according to antibacterial activity in urine determined as UBTs, a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) generally resulted in the highest and longest-lasting UBTs followed by that of enoxacin (400 mg) and norfloxacin (400 mg). A dose of 400 mg enoxacin can be expected to be at least equivalent if not superior to that of 400 mg norfloxacin. Only enoxacin and ciprofloxacin exhibited urinary bactericidal activity against all test organisms up to 12 h in all individuals. Therefore, clinical comparison of enoxacin versus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated UTI could be worth testing.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9624541&dopt=Abstract
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