Drugs online research references
APMIS. 1989 Apr;97(4):347-50.
The in vitro activity of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics in current use against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Melby K, Faegri A.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
One hundred non-beta-lactamase-producing and 50 beta-lactamase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae serogroup WI and WII/III were tested in vitro by an agar dilution method against a panel of antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin. All strains irrespective of beta-lactamase production and serogroup allocation, were inhibited by 0.125 mg/l of all quinolones. Ciprofloxacin turned out to be most active followed by ofloxacin and norfloxacin. All strains were also inhibited by low concentrations of cefotaxime (MIC less than 0.25 mg/l). Many strains mostly among the beta-lactamase-producing strains were resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l) to doxycycline. Ampicillin is still active against the majority of non-beta-lactamase-producing strains. The majority of the strains belonged to serogroup WII/III which are known to be less sensitive to penicillin G and ampicillin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2497756&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jul;38(7):1490-5.
Effects of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin on in vitro adhesion and survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK1 on urinary catheters.
Reid G, Sharma S, Advikolanu K, Tieszer C, Martin RA, Bruce AW.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Pretreatment of urinary silicone latex catheters in vitro with 0.1 and 0.5 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml for 1, 24, and 48 h significantly reduced the adhesion and survival of the clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK1. UV spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of ciprofloxacin adsorbed onto the catheters and showed that up to 56% of the drug leached into the surrounding fluid within 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the adherent organisms were malformed and elongated after exposure to ciprofloxacin. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of fimbriae on the bacterial surfaces, but there was no conclusive evidence of changes in the fimbriae upon exposure to ciprofloxacin. It was found that a significant eradication of 24-h Pseudomonas biofilms could be achieved with ciprofloxacin as well as with ofloxacin and norfloxacin. Preincubation of catheters with 50- and 100-micrograms/ml concentrations of ciprofloxacin resulted in up to a 99% reduction in the number of adherent bacteria in comparison with the reduction on control catheters. In addition, adherent biofilms were eradicated by 24 h of challenge with 50 and 100 micrograms of ciprofloxacin per ml at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Results of these in vitro studies suggest that there could be a clinical role for fluoroquinolones in preventing and treating urinary tract infections associated with P. aeruginosa adherence to prosthetic devices.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7979277&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Dec;37(12):2736-9.
In vitro activity of novobiocin against multiresistant strains of Enterococcus faecium.
French P, Venuti E, Fraimow HS.
Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
Sixty strains of vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were evaluated for their susceptibilities to novobiocin in vitro. In Mueller-Hinton broth, novobiocin inhibited all strains when it was used at a concentration of < or = 2 microgram/ml and 40 of 60 strains when it was used at a concentration of < or = 0.5 micrograms/ml. MICs were 8- to 16-fold higher in 50% serum. Novobiocin alone resulted in 2-log-unit killing at 24 h. Combinations of novobiocin and a fluoroquinolone (either ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin) were additive and bactericidal for quinolone-susceptible strains in either broth or 50% serum. Gentamicin did not affect novobiocin activity, and rifampin and doxycycline were antagonistic.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8109945&dopt=Abstract
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