Drugs online research references
Chemotherapy. 1988;34(1):40-5.
Susceptibility of 310 nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria to aztreonam, carumonam, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin.
Appelbaum PC, Spangler SK, Tamarree T.
Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology), Hershey Medical Center, Pa.
The susceptibility of 310 mainly clinically isolated Gram-negative nonfermenters to aztreonam, carumonam, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin was determined by agar dilution. All 3 quinolones were very active, with MIC90 ranges (micrograms/ml) against all organisms ranging between 0.25 and 8 for ciprofloxacin, and 0.25 and 16.0 for ofloxacin and fleroxacin, respectively. Aztreonam and carumonam showed less activity than the quinolones on a weight-for-weight basis, with MIC90 values ranging from 4 to 32 for both drugs; only Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotypes haemolyticus and alcaligenes were uniformly susceptible to both monobactams. The broad-spectrum activity of the 3 quinolones suggests potential use in therapy of infections caused by nonfermenters; monobactams should be reserved for infections caused by P. aeruginosa and possibly Acinetobacter spp.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3127127&dopt=Abstract
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1990 May;38(5):376-84.
[Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin according to resistance phenotypes to nalidixic acid and pefloxacin]
[Article in French]
Soussy CJ, Le Van Thoi J, Duval J.
Service de Bacteriologie, CHU Henri-Mondor, Creteil.
In vitro antibacterial activity of 5 quinolones: nalidixic acid (NAL), pefloxacin (PEF), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was evaluated by agar diffusion (disks Diagnostics Pasteur) for 1,253 bacterial strains (767 Enterobacteriaceae: E 164 P. aeruginosa: PA, 90 A. baumannii: AB and 232 S. aureus: SA) isolated during the last three months of 1988. Strains were ranged in susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistant (R) according to recommendations of Comite Francais de l'Antibiogramme; in addition, activity of NOR, OFL and CIP was precised according to susceptibility to NAL and PEF. Frequencies of strains R + I observed for NAL, PEF, NOR, OFL and CIP were (%): E: 14.4; 13.4; 7.3; 7.6; 2.4 - PA: 100; 68.5; 18.4; 36.8; 8.9 - AB: 78.9; 57.8; 75.5; 54.4; 50 - SA: 100; 27.5; 28.9; 28.5; 28.7. For E and AB, analysis according to resistance phenotypes to NAL and PEF showed reduction of activity of NOR, OFL and CIP, on strains RI and particularly RR by comparison with strains SS and RS. Activity of PEF, NOR, OFL and CIP is similar on PA, belonging to RS and RR phenotypes. On RI strains, only CIP showed activity practically identical to that on RS strains. For SA, NOR, OFL and CIP were inactive on PEF R strains. Analysis of populations of strains according to resistance phenotypes to NAL and PEF permitted to show reduction of activity of other compounds on strains with an acquired resistance character to quinolones; currently, only test of PEF is presently sufficient for susceptibility testing of other fluoroquinolones (NOR, OFL and CIP) on E, AB and SA; however for PA, test of CIP is also necessary.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2367152&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Jun;29(6):1073-8.
Effect of 4-quinolones and novobiocin on calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha primase complex, topoisomerases I and II, and growth of mammalian lymphoblasts.
Hussy P, Maass G, Tummler B, Grosse F, Schomburg U.
The influence of ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, novobiocin, and ofloxacin on elements of eucaryotic DNA replication was investigated in vitro. Each of the 4-quinolones, when present in amounts of more than 100 micrograms/ml, reversibly inhibited the DNA synthesis performed by the 95 DNA polymerase alpha primase complex from calf thymus. Novobiocin at 500 micrograms/ml or at higher concentrations irreversibly inactivated DNA polymerase alpha primase complex. The accuracy of in vitro DNA synthesis in the absence of repair mechanisms was determined from amber-revertant assays with phi X174am16(+) DNA as template. The antimicrobial agents did not significantly increase the frequencies of base pairing mismatches during the course of replication, indicating that the basal mutation rate is not affected by novobiocin and the 4-quinolones. The Ki values of 50% inhibition of DNA topoisomerases from calf thymus by ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, novobiocin, nalidixic acid, and ofloxacin were 300, 400, 1,000 or more, 1,000 or more, and 1,500 or more micrograms/ml, respectively, in the case of topoisomerase I, and the Ki values were 150, 300, 500, 1,000, and 1,300 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the case of topoisomerase II. The procaryotic topoisomerase II is approximately 100-fold more sensitive to inhibition by ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin than is its eucaryotic counterpart. Growth curves of lymphoblasts were recorded in the presence of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Neither 1 nor 10 micrograms of ciprofloxacin or of ofloxacin per ml affected cell proliferation. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin at 100 micrograms/ml inhibited cell growth; 1,000 micrograms/ml led to cell death. No correlation exists between the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the 4-quinolones.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3015015&dopt=Abstract
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