Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Sep;34(9):1766-8.
Therapy of pulmonary nocardiosis in immunocompromised mice.
Gombert ME, Berkowitz LB, Aulicino TM, duBouchet L.
Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn.
We compared the bactericidal efficacies of various antimicrobial agents and combinations thereof in experimentally induced Nocardia asteroides pneumonia in immunocompromised mice. Cortisone acetate treatment, which produced impaired cell-mediated immune function, was followed by nasal inoculation of 5 x 10(4) CFU of N. asteroides into each mouse. Therapy was begun 24 h after inoculation and continued for the next 96 h. Dosages of antimicrobial agents resulted in concentrations approximating levels in human serum. Animals from each of nine treatment groups were sacrificed every 24 h. The pulmonary tissue obtained was homogenized and quantitatively cultured. Results were calculated to indicate the number of CFU per gram of lung tissue. Amikacin and imipenem were the two most effective single agents studied. Sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin were ineffective, and ceftriaxone reduced bacterial counts modestly. Combination therapy did not enhance the bactericidal activities of the agents tested. We conclude that amikacin and imipenem, as well as select broad-spectrum cephalosporins, represent therapy superior to the sulfonamides in this experimental model and may represent alternative treatment for patients who cannot tolerate sulfa agents (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients) or who fail primary treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2285288&dopt=Abstract
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Sep;26(1):43-5.
The utility of non-beta-lactam antimicrobial MICs as markers to distinguish oxacillin-resistant from oxacillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Fass RJ, Barnishan J, Ayers LW.
Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, USA.
Among 6,068 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 75.5% were oxacillin-resistant. Oxacillin-susceptible strains were more frequently susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and tetracycline than oxacillin-resistant strains. With the exception of erythromycin, non-beta-lactam MICs were less discriminatory for identifying oxacillin-resistant strains with oxacillin MICs < or = 2 micrograms/ml than for those with oxacillin MICs > or = 4 micrograms/ml.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8950529&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986 Dec;18(6):675-9.
Susceptibility of non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amifloxacin, pefloxacin and cefpirome.
Appelbaum PC, Spangler SK, Sollenberger L.
Susceptibility of 340 mainly clinically isolated Gram-negative non-fermenters to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amifloxacin, pefloxacin and cefpirome was determined by agar dilution. Ciprofloxacin was most active, with MIC90s against all organisms ranging between less than 0.125 and 4 mg/l. Norfloxacin, amifloxacin and pefloxacin were active against most strains, with MIC90 ranges (mg/l) of 0.5 - 32, 0.25 - 32 and less than 0.125 - 16, respectively. Cefpirome showed less activity than the quinolones on a weight-for-weight basis with MIC90s ranging from 0.5 to greater than 64 mg/l; only fluorescent pseudomonads and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotypes haemolyticus, alcaligenes were uniformly susceptible to cefpirome. The broad-spectrum activity of the four quinolones suggests potential use in therapy of infections caused by non-fermenters; cefpirome should be reserved for infections caused by fluorescent pseudomonads and possibly Acinetobacter spp.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3469178&dopt=Abstract
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