Drugs online research references
Infection. 1992 Nov-Dec;20(6):339-41.
Resistance of recent Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Nigeria and outcome of single-dose treatment with ciprofloxacin.
Otubu JA, Imade GE, Sagay AS, Towobola OA.
Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
One hundred four patients (71 males, 33 females) with acute gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis were treated with a single oral 250 mg dose of ciprofloxacin at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. All gonococcal strains were isolated from appropriate pre-treatment swabs. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) accounted for 72.8% of all isolates. In vitro sensitivity of gonococcal isolates to ciprofloxacin was 100%, while that to penicillin, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole was below 15%. Of the 104 patients treated with ciprofloxacin, 73 (70%) attended a follow-up visit. Seventy-three (100%) patients showed clinical cure and elimination of N. gonorrhoeae from the respective site of infection. Post-gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis believed to be due to concomitant chlamydial infection was found in 22 (30.1%) patients--18 males and four females. No adverse reactions were reported by any patient. Our findings show that a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin (250 mg) is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea and is particularly useful in regions with a high prevalence of PPNG.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1293054&dopt=Abstract
Sex Transm Dis. 1990 Oct-Dec;17(4):175-80.
Penicillin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in low prevalence areas: implications for cost-effective management.
Nettleman MD, Smith V, Moyer NP.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City 52442.
Though ampicillin is no longer recommended as first-line therapy for infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cost and efficacy of this policy in low prevalence areas has not been investigated. The problem was highlighted by an outbreak of penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in an area where the proportion of resistance had previously been only 0.14%. A decision analysis was performed to determine the cost-effectiveness of beta-lactamase screening and alternative therapies for patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Empiric therapy with an inexpensive agent active against resistant strains, such as ciprofloxacin, was the most cost-effective approach and remained more cost-effective than alternative strategies whenever the proportion of resistant isolates exceeded 3%. Ceftriaxone was less cost-effective. In low prevalence areas, and in areas where the return rate of recalled patients is high, ampicillin therapy was cost-effective, but beta-lactamase screening should be performed routinely.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2124730&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1991 Dec 30;91(6A):42S-44S.
Assessment of temafloxacin neurotoxicity in rodents.
Giardina WJ.
Department of General Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500.
Temafloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) was studied in fenbufen-treated mice and for its effects on the locomotor activity of rats. Mice were observed for convulsions for 90 minutes after the administration of temafloxacin HCl (100 mg/kg orally [p.o.]), ciprofloxacin HCl (100 mg/kg p.o.), enoxacin (100 mg/kg p.o.), or oxolinic acid (100 mg/kg p.o.). The quinolones were coadministered with either saline (0.2 mL p.o.) or fenbufen (100 mg/kg p.o.), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compound. No convulsions occurred following the administration of the quinolones with saline. Clonic convulsions occurred in 90% of mice receiving enoxacin and fenbufen and in 20% of mice receiving ciprofloxacin HCl and fenbufen. No convulsions occurred in mice receiving temafloxacin HCl or oxolinic acid with fenbufen. At doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg p.o., temafloxacin HCl and enoxacin had no effect on locomotor activity of rats, but oxolinic acid markedly stimulated locomotor activity. The lack of central nervous system (CNS) stimulation and the absence of interaction with fenbufen suggest that temafloxacin may have less potential for adverse CNS effects than other quinolone compounds.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1662895&dopt=Abstract
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