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Chemioterapia. 1987 Dec;6(6):431-3.
In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium against some quinolones.

Casal M, Rodriguez F, Villalba R, Benavente MC, Gonzalez AI.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cordoba University, Spain.

The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin was studied by the agar dilution method. All strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum were inhibited by 2 mg/ml or less of these antimicrobial agents. Concentrations higher than achievable blood levels were necessary to inhibit Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3481302&dopt=Abstract




Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Sep;26(1):1-6.
Evaluation of 500 gram negative isolates to determine the number of major susceptibility interpretation discrepancies between the Vitek and MicroScan Walkaway for 9 antimicrobial agents.

Rittenhouse SF, Miller LA, Utrup LJ, Poupard JA.

Department of Antimicrobial Profiling/Clinical Microbiology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.

Although the Vitek and MicroScan Walkaway are two of the most commonly used automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems, few studies have been performed comparing discrepancies between these systems. In this study, 500 Gram negative clinical isolates were tested against ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin to determine the number of major interpretation discrepancies between the two systems. The 500 isolates consisted of 100 isolates each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter species. Each isolate was tested simultaneously in both systems using the same standardized inoculum. Eighty-four major discrepancies occurred, of which 48 were reproducible. The reproducible discrepancy rate, for the 4,500 isolate/antimicrobic combinations tested, was 48 of 4500 (1.06%). The rate for individual antimicrobics varied from 17 of 500 (3.4%) for ampicillin to no discrepancies for ticarcillin or ciprofloxacin. Of the 48 reproducible discrepancies, 44 (92%) were Vitek resistant, MicroScan susceptible. Fifteen (31%) of the Vitek and 21 (44%) of the MicroScan results were confirmed by broth microdilution. Disk diffusion results were in agreement with 15 (31%) of the Vitek and 21 (44%) of the MicroScan results. Twelve (25%) of the broth microdilution and 12 (25%) of the disk diffusion results were intermediate. The broth microdilution and disk diffusion results for the 48 isolates with reproducible discrepancies were in agreement more often with MicroScan. However, there was less very major error comparing the Vitek results for these isolates to the broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Overall, the result of this evaluation indicate that the number of major interpretation discrepancies between the two systems is minimal for the isolate/antimicrobic combinations tested.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8950521&dopt=Abstract




BMJ. 1989 Jul 29;299(6694):294-7.
Outbreak of coagulase negative staphylococcus highly resistant to ciprofloxacin in a leukaemia unit.

Oppenheim BA, Hartley JW, Lee W, Burnie JP.

Department of Microbiology, Withington Hospital, Manchester.

OBJECTIVE--To define an outbreak of bacteraemia due to coagulase negative staphylococci highly resistant to ciprofloxacin in a leukaemia unit, investigate the source and mode of spread of the outbreak strain, and assess control measures. DESIGN--The outbreak strain was characterised by five different typing methods. Surveillance of patients, staff, and environment was carried out during the outbreak and five months after control measures were introduced. SETTING--A unit with 10 beds for adults with leukaemia and patients receiving bone marrow transplants. The outbreak occurred during a trial of ciprofloxacin for empirical treatment of neutropenic fevers. INTERVENTIONS--Ciprofloxacin was withdrawn from use in the unit and daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate solution started. Main outcome measure--The absence of bacteraemia due to the outbreak strain for five months after control measures. RESULTS--During the study 49 patients developed 21 episodes of bacteraemia due to the outbreak strain, which was ciprofloxacin resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration greater than or equal to 128 mg/l), susceptible to phage 155 A9C, and SII biotype and had characteristic immunoblot and DNA fingerprint features. There was a high amount of colonisation of patients but not staff with this strain, which was also wide spread in the environment. The control measures led to rapid resolution of the outbreak and disappearance of the strain from the unit. CONCLUSIONS--In areas where coagulase negative staphylococcal infections are common doctors must be aware of the possibility of cross infection with single strain, and the availability of more discriminatory methods of typing will facilitate the identification and control of such episodes.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2504407&dopt=Abstract












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