Drugs online research references
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 1993 May-Jun;48(3):116-8.
[Effect of quinolones on mice experimental infection by Plasmodium berghei and their possible therapeutic usefulness]
[Article in Portuguese]
Amato Neto V, Braz LM, Campos R, Matsubara L, Silva Mde F, Pinto PL.
Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica (Parasitologia), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo.
The search for new antimalarial drugs is important for many reasons, specially because of the resistance of plasmodia. Some clinical and laboratory studies have recently indicated that quinolones, currently in use for treatment of bacterial infections, have antimalarial activity. So, we evaluated the possible action of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in mice experimentally infected by Plasmodium berghei, by the oral route. Taking into account parasitemia and mortality, we came to conclusion that these drugs are not effective, as judged by the methods used.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8248700&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jan;40(1):237-40.
Antibiotic activity in microbiological media versus that in human urine: comparison of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Drobot GR, Karlowsky JA, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG.
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
The activities of three antibiotics in both Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and pooled human urine were compared by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Clinical and reference strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to antibiotics at concentrations achievable in human urine. The rate of bacterial killing (time to a reduction of 3 log10 CFU/ml) and the extent of bacterial killing at 24 h were examined. Between MHB and urine, there were no significant differences in the rate or extent of bacterial killing for both ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. For trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole there was no significant difference in the extent of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P > 0.1); however, there was a significant decrease in the rate of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P < 0.001). We conclude that with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, activity against E. coli in MHB is predictive of the effects in human urine. The activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in MHB predicts the extent but not the rate of bacterial killing in human urine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8787914&dopt=Abstract
Mutat Res. 1996 Jun 10;352(1-2):143-50.
In vitro induction of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations by quinolones: possible mechanisms.
Curry PT, Kropko ML, Garvin JR, Fiedler RD, Theiss JC.
Microbiological Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
The bacterial gyrase inhibitors, ciprofloxacin and PD 124816, were tested for clastogenic and aneugenic activity in V79 Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro. Cells were exposed for 3 h, washed free of drug, and subcultured for assessment of various endpoints. For structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) analysis, cells were incubated for 18 h, and treated with Colcemid for 2 h before harvest. For micronucleus (MN) analysis, treated cells were incubated with cytochalasin B (CYB) for 16 h. Aneugenicity was assessed by utilizing antikinetochore antibody to detect kinetochore-containing (K +) MN. Both quinolones induced significant increases in SCAs and MN, indicating clastogenic activity. With both compounds, however, the MN response was apparent at lower doses, and remained much higher throughout the dose range than the SCA response. The induced MN were predominantly K --, indicating that aneugenicity was not playing a major role in their induction. A possible explanation for the chromosome effects is that cross-reactivity of the gyrase inhibitors with mammalian topoisomerase II interferes with the separation of chromatids at anaphase leading to chromosome breaks and MN. Quinolones are known to inhibit resolution of the normally transient topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complex, which may result in chromosome stickness. Thus, SCAs detected in metaphase cells may be attributed to quinolone-induced inhibition of topoisomerase II prior to mitosis while MN arise in binucleated cells as a result of this effect which interferes with chromatid separation during anaphase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8676903&dopt=Abstract
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