Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Nov;34(11):2050-4.
Ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an acute-care hospital.
Raviglione MC, Boyle JF, Mariuz P, Pablos-Mendez A, Cortes H, Merlo A.
Cabrini Medical Center, New York, New York.
Use of ciprofloxacin as an alternative to vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection has been paralleled by the emergence of resistant strains. This phenomenon has also been noticed in our hospital. To confirm our observation, methicillin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities were tested by disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. We studied 83 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from various sources over a 4-month period. Ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC, greater than 2 micrograms/ml) was detected in 69 isolates (83%). Prior use of ciprofloxacin was reported for 24 of 69 patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant strains and 0 of 14 patients with ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains. The day of detection during the hospital stay and the location of the source patient were not significantly different between resistant and susceptible strains. Bacteriophage typing showed a higher occurrence of nontypeable strains among ciprofloxacin-resistant strains (54%). Review of our microbiology register showed a progressive increase in the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin during the first year of use, with initial rates being about 10% and recent rates being higher than 80%. On the other hand, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus remained uniformly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (98.4%). We conclude that prior use of ciprofloxacin is an important factor for the selection of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains and that ciprofloxacin has limited usefulness against methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2073096&dopt=Abstract
Am J Public Health. 1990 Jul;80(7):810-3.
Ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in New York health care facilities, 1988. The New York MRSA Study Group.
Budnick LD, Schaefler S.
New York State Department of Health.
The emergence in 1988 of ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in New York City was studied in nine hospitals and eight nursing homes. Of the 43 hospitalized patients studied, 21 were admitted from home, while nine of the 12 nursing home patients were transferred from a hospital. Twenty-four of the 55 patients had been treated previously with ciprofloxacin, and 26 had an identifiable risk factor for a nosocomial infection. MRSA was a contributing factor in at least five of the 21 deaths. MRSA resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected within three months of the drug's commercial availability, apparently emerged independently at a number of the health care facilities, and has become widespread. If such resistance is found in a health care facility, ciprofloxacin may not be useful as a first line antibiotic.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2141450&dopt=Abstract
Chemioterapia. 1987 Apr;6(2):75-8.
Comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin against resistant clinical isolates.
Periti P, Mazzei T, Nicoletti P.
The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of three new quinolones, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin, was compared against 194 recent clinical isolates, 50 S. aureus, 50 E. coli, 45 E. cloacae and 49 P. aeruginosa. About half of the strains were resistant to a standard reference antibiotic like oxacillin (S. aureus), ampicillin (E. coli), gentamicin (E. cloacae) and amikacin (P. aeruginosa). The resistant selected strains were less susceptible to the three fluoroquinolones tested than the parent isolates, but, except for pefloxacin against E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa, the decrease in susceptibility was relatively low and MICs remained below the resistance break-point.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3474081&dopt=Abstract
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