Drugs online research references
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990 May-Jun;13(3):277-9.
Antibacterial activity of lomefloxacin against Brucella melitensis.
Qadri SM, al-Sedairy S, Ueno Y.
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The in vitro activity of lomefloxacin was tested against 114 clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis. Comparison was made with ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Lomefloxacin inhibited 113 (99.1%) of the 114 strains tested at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. It was comparable to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin in antimicrobial potency. One strain that was previously susceptible to ciprofloxacin and had become resistant after the patient was treated with ciprofloxacin showed cross-resistance to lomefloxacin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2383977&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1992 Apr 6;92(4A):48S-51S.
Comparative penetration of lomefloxacin and other quinolones into human phagocytes.
Perea EJ, Garcia I, Pascual A.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Sevilla, Spain.
The penetration of lomefloxacin into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and peritoneal macrophages (PMphis) was evaluated using a fluorometric assay. Lomefloxacin reached high intracellular concentrations into PMNs at extracellular concentrations of 2 and 5 mg/L (cellular to extracellular concentration ratio [C/E] greater than 4). At the same conditions (20 minutes incubation; extracellular concentrations: 2 mg/L) lomefloxacin uptake by human PMNs (C/E: 7.9 +/- 2.6) was slightly higher than those of norfloxacin (C/E 5.1 +/- 1.8), ciprofloxacin (C/E: 6.2 +/- 2.0), and ofloxacin (C/E 7.1 +/- 2.6). Lomefloxacin penetration into human PMphis was significantly lower than PMNs but still with C/E ratios greater than 4. Entry of lomefloxacin into phagocytes was not affected by cell viability but was environmental-temperature dependent. It is concluded that lomefloxacin and the other quinolones evaluated reach high intracellular concentrations in human phagocytic cells.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1316071&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Jun;37(6):1289-96.
Ciprofloxacin-induced, low-level resistance to structurally unrelated antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Fung-Tomc J, Kolek B, Bonner DP.
Department of Microbiology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492.
The effects of ciprofloxacin on the rates of development of low-level resistance to other antibiotics were determined in vitro. Three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains were grown overnight in Mueller-Hinton broth with or without subinhibitory concentrations (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MICs) of ciprofloxacin or an aminoglycoside and then quantitatively plated onto medium containing 4 or 8 times the MICs of various antibiotics. The spontaneous mutational frequencies were determined and compared with those of cells not exposed to ciprofloxacin. Exposure of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains to ciprofloxacin resulted in a > 100-fold increase in the isolation of variants with decreased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, imipenem, fusidic acid, and gentamicin, but not vancomycin. Likewise, a > 100-fold increase in the isolation of variants with decreased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and imipenem (35-fold) in P. aeruginosa A21213 was observed, and a > 100-fold increase in the isolation of variants with decreased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and cefepime in P. aeruginosa A22379 was observed. On the other hand, exposure of these strains to an aminoglycoside did not influence the development of resistance to nonaminoglycoside drugs. These results indicate that exposure to subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin can promote the development of low-level resistance to antibiotics with different modes of action.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8328778&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics