Drugs online research references
J Clin Pathol. 1997 Dec;50(12):1027-8.
Resistance to ciprofloxacin in pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in England and Wales in 1996.
Threlfall EJ, Graham A, Cheasty T, Ward LR, Rowe B.
Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK.
In 1996, 6% of Escherichia coli from extraintestinal infections were resistant to ciprofloxacin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > or = 2 mg/l (high level resistance). Low level resistance (MIC 0.125-1 mg/l) was also identified in 7% of Salmonella typhi, 4% of S paratyphi A, and 4% of non-typhoidal salmonellas. However, resistance to ciprofloxacin was rarely identified in shigellas. For E coli, physicians should be aware that treatment failures may occur when patients with invasive illness are treated with ciprofloxacin before the results of laboratory sensitivity tests are available. For salmonellas an increasing number of treatment failures have been recorded for patients infected with strains with low level resistance. Because of the increasing incidence of Enterobacteriaceae with low level resistance to ciprofloxacin, it is recommended that for this group of organisms a breakpoint of 0.125 mg/l should be included in laboratory sensitivity tests.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9516887&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1262-7.
In vitro activities of irloxacin and E-3846, two new quinolones.
Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Garcia Sanchez JE, Munoz Bellido JL, Trujillano I.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain.
Irloxacin and E-3846 are two new fluorinated quinolones. We evaluated the activities of these antimicrobial agents, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, and nalidixic acid against 1,161 bacterial strains. Ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone. Irloxacin did not show great activity. The activity of E-3846 against gram-negative bacteria was similar to those of ofloxacin and pefloxacin, and E-3846 was the most active quinolone against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2393288&dopt=Abstract
J Chemother. 1997 Dec;9(6):403-10.
Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in intensive care unit: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility.
Eltahawy AT.
King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
The surveillance of 100 gram-negative bacilli that were recovered from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species, in this order, were the most frequently isolated organisms. The most common sites were respiratory tract (34%), wounds (24%), urinary tract (18%), and blood (11%). The resistance patterns towards different antimicrobial agents were determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the E test. Imipenem, ciprofloxacin and amikacin were the most active agents against the isolates. Of the gram-negative isolates, 31% were resistant to at least two of the four major antibiotic groups (e.g. aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems), and 6% to three of the groups. Twenty-nine percent of the gram-negative bacilli were resistant to ceftazidime. Ceftazidime-resistant bacteria were frequently resistant to monobactams, piperacillin/tazobactam and gentamicin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9491839&dopt=Abstract
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