Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Jun;31(6):860-4.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin in patients with various degrees of renal function.
Drusano GL, Weir M, Forrest A, Plaisance K, Emm T, Standiford HC.
We examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of 200 mg of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously to 32 volunteers whose renal function as measured by creatinine clearance ranged from 0 to 8.99 liters/h per 1.73 m2. Serum clearances (mean +/- standard deviation) were 26.8 +/- 5.7 and 15.4 +/- 4.3 liters/h per 1.73 m2 in normal and anephric volunteers, respectively. The half-life (mean +/- standard deviation) increased from 4.3 +/- 0.8 h in normal volunteers to 8.6 +/- 3.3 h in anephric volunteers. There was good correlation between normalized creatinine clearance and both normalized serum and renal clearance. The regression equation for serum clearance (CLS) versus creatinine clearance (CLCR) was CLS = 1.97 X CLCR + 13.23, where r = 0.697; for renal clearance versus creatinine clearance, the equation was CLR = 2.26 X CLCR, where r = 0.845. On the basis of these data, we recommend a maximum 50% reduction in dose when ciprofloxacin is instituted at a renal function of 1.2 to 1.8 liters/h per 1.73 m2 (20 to 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Because of the observed variation in ciprofloxacin half-life in our anephric volunteers, we also recommend that a schedule of administration every 12 h be maintained, even for patients without urine output.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3619418&dopt=Abstract
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Sep;20(3):363-72.
Comparative in-vitro activity of Ro 23-6240, a new trifluorinated quinolone.
Verbist L.
Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory, Univ. Hosp. St. Rafael, Leuven, Belgium.
The in-vitro activity of Ro 23-6240, a new quinolone, was tested in comparison with that of other quinolones against 486 recent clinical isolates. Ro 23-6240 displayed the typical features of the new quinolones: highest activity against Gram-negative bacilli, MBCs close to the MICs, minimum inoculum effect and rapid killing. Against Gram-negative organisms (Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenters, Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci) the activity of Ro 23-6240 was between that of ofloxacin and norfloxacin; against staphylococci its activity was between that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and against streptococci it was similar to that of norfloxacin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3119552&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984 Aug;26(2):208-10.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin.
Wise R, Lockley RM, Webberly M, Dent J.
A 100-mg dose of ciprofloxacin was given as an intravenous bolus injection to each of six healthy volunteers, after which the levels of this agent were measured in serum, blister fluid, and urine. After administration, distribution of ciprofloxacin was very rapid, and the mean distribution volume was very large (177 liters). The mean terminal serum half-life was 4.0 h. The agent penetrated blister fluid rapidly, with the mean maximum level being 0.53 micrograms/ml at 30 min, after which time the blister levels exceeded those in serum. The 48-h urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was about 80%.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6486762&dopt=Abstract
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